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Collaboratively Constructed Language Resources (CCLRs) such as Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Linked Open Data, and various resources developed using crowdsourcing techniques such as Games with a Purpose and Mechanical Turk have substantially contributed to the research in natural language processing (NLP). Various NLP tasks utilize such resources to substitute for or supplement conventional lexical semantic resources and linguistically annotated corpora. These resources also provide an extensive body of texts from which valuable knowledge is mined. There are an increasing number of community efforts to link and maintain multiple linguistic resources.   This book offers comprehensive coverage of CCLR-related topics, including their construction, utilization in NLP tasks, and interlinkage and management. Various Bachelor/Master/Ph.D. programs in natural language processing, computational linguistics, and knowledge discovery can use this book both as either main textbook or supplementary reading. The book also provides a valuable reference guide for researchers and professionals for the above topics.

Computational linguistics. --- Language and languages. --- Linguistics. --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Natural language processing (Computer science) --- Computational linguisitics. --- Data mining. --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- NLP (Computer science) --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Text processing (Computer science). --- Computational Linguistics. --- Document Preparation and Text Processing. --- Language Translation and Linguistics. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- Database searching --- Artificial intelligence --- Electronic data processing --- Human-computer interaction --- Semantic computing --- Natural language processing (Computer science). --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Natural Language Processing (NLP). --- Automatic language processing --- Language and languages --- Language data processing --- Linguistics --- Natural language processing (Linguistics) --- Applied linguistics --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Mathematical linguistics --- Multilingual computing --- Data processing --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval

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This book constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the First International Conference on Language Processing and Knowledge in the Web, GSCL 2013, held in Darmstadt, Germany, in September 2013. The 20 revised full papers were carefully selected from numerous submissions and cover topics on language processing and knowledge in the Web on several important dimensions, such as computational linguistics, language technology, and processing of unstructured textual content in the Web.

Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Computer science. --- Algorithms. --- Database management. --- Data mining. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Database Management. --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- Natural language processing (Computer science) --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Computer software. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Database searching --- Data base management --- Data services (Database management) --- Database management services --- DBMS (Computer science) --- Generalized data management systems --- Services, Database management --- Systems, Database management --- Systems, Generalized database management --- Electronic data processing --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Application software. --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Foundations

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This book conveys the fundamentals of Linked Lexical Knowledge Bases (LLKB) and sheds light on their different aspects from various perspectives, focusing on their construction and use in natural language processing (NLP). It characterizes a wide range of both expert-based and collaboratively constructed lexical knowledge bases. Only basic familiarity with NLP is required and this book has been written for both students and researchers in NLP and related fields who are interested in knowledge-based approaches to language analysis and their applications. Lexical Knowledge Bases (LKBs) are indispensable in many areas of natural language processing, as they encode human knowledge of language in machine readable form, and as such, they are required as a reference when machines attempt to interpret natural language in accordance with human perception. In recent years, numerous research efforts have led to the insight that to make the best use of available knowledge, the orchestrated expl oitation of different LKBs is necessary. This allows us to not only extend the range of covered words and senses, but also gives us the opportunity to obtain a richer knowledge representation when a particular meaning of a word is covered in more than one resource. Examples where such an orchestrated usage of LKBs proved beneficial include word sense disambiguation, semantic role labeling, semantic parsing, and text classification. This book presents different kinds of automatic, manual, and collaborative linkings between LKBs. A special chapter is devoted to the linking algorithms employing text-based, graph-based, and joint modeling methods. Following this, it presents a set of higher-level NLP tasks and algorithms, effectively utilizing the knowledge in LLKBs. Among them, you will find advanced methods, e.g., distant supervision, or continuous vector space models of knowledge bases (KB), that have become widely used at the time of this book's writing. Finally, multilingual applicati ons of LLKB's, such as cross-lingual semantic relatedness and computer-aided translation are discussed, as well as tools and interfaces for exploring LLKBs, followed by conclusions and future research directions.

Lexicography --- Natural language processing (Computer science) --- Linked data --- Expert systems (Computer science) --- Data processing