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In the late nineteenth century, the stereotype of the black male as sexual beast functioned for white supremacists as an externalized symbol of social chaos against which all whites would unite for the purpose of national renewal. The emergence of this stereotype in American culture and literature during and after Reconstruction was related to the growth of white-on-black violence, as white lynch mobs acted in ""defense"" of white womanhood, the white family, and white nationalism. In Writing a Red Record Sandra Gunning investigates American literary encounters with the conditions, processes,

African Americans in literature --- Afro-Americans in literature --- Afro-Amerikanen in de literatuur --- Afro-Américains dans la littérature --- Amerikaanse zwarten in de literatuur --- Black Americans in literature --- Geweld in de literatuur --- Lynchage dans la littérature --- Lynchen in de literatuur --- Lynching in literature --- Negroes in literature --- Noirs américains dans la littérature --- Race dans la littérature --- Race in literature --- Rape in literature --- Ras in de literatuur --- Verkrachting in de literatuur --- Viol dans la littérature --- Violence dans la littérature --- Violence in literature --- Zwarte Amerikanen in de literatuur --- American literature --- Violence in literature. --- Race in literature. --- Littérature américaine --- History and criticism. --- Histoire et critique --- -American literature --- -Lynching in literature --- #BIBC:ruil --- English literature --- Agrarians (Group of writers) --- History and criticism --- African Americans in literature. --- Lynching in literature. --- Rape in literature. --- Littérature américaine --- Noirs américains dans la littérature --- Violence dans la littérature --- Lynchage dans la littérature --- Viol dans la littérature --- Race dans la littérature --- 20th century --- 19th century --- Dixon, Thomas --- Criticism and interpretation --- Twain, Mark --- Chesnutt, Charles Waddell --- Wells, Ida Barnett --- Hopkins, Pauline Elizabeth --- Chopin, Kate O'Flaherty --- Fulton, David Bryant

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Sandra Gunning draws on nineteenth-century African diasporic travel writing to explore the conditions and possibilities of race, gender, sex, and class that early black Atlantic travel enabled.

Travel writing --- American literature --- African diaspora in literature. --- History --- African American authors --- History and criticism. --- African influences. --- Atlantic Ocean Region --- Great Britain --- Description and travel. --- Colonies --- Atlantic Area --- Atlantic Region