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This paper assesses the relative efficiency of government spending on health care and education in Croatia by using the so-called Data Envelopment Analysis. The analysis finds evidence of significant inefficiencies in Croatia's spending on health care and education, related to inadequate cost recovery, weaknesses in the financing mechanisms and institutional arrangements, weak competition in the provision of these services, and weaknesses in targeting public subsidies on health care and education. These inefficiencies suggest that government spending on health and education could be reduced without undue sacrifices in the quality of these services. The paper identifies ways to do that.
Medical care --- Education --- Finance. --- Croatia --- Appropriations and expenditures. --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Narodna Republika Hrvatska --- Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska --- SRH --- Hrvatska --- S.R.H. --- Kroatien --- SR Hrvatska --- SR Croatia --- People's Republic of Croatia --- Croazia --- Socialist Republic of Croatia --- NR Hrvatska --- Khorvatii︠a︡ --- Ḳroʼeṭyah --- Horvátország --- Repubblica di Croazia --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Public health --- קרואטיה --- クロアチア --- Kuroachia --- クロアチア独立国 --- Kuroachia Dokuritsukoku --- Croatia (Republic : 1941-1945) --- Public Finance --- Health Policy --- Education: General --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- Health: General --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- Analysis of Health Care Markets --- Public finance & taxation --- Health economics --- Health systems & services --- Health care spending --- Health --- Education spending --- Expenditures, Public --- Croatia, Republic of
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This paper assesses the relative efficiency and flexibility of public spending in Slovenia compared to the advanced and new EU member states. Spending on health care, education, and social protection is relatively high in Slovenia without achieving correspondingly better outcomes. Inefficiencies appear to stem from the financing mechanisms for social services, institutional arrangements, and the weak targeting of social benefits. In addition, the composition of spending appears to be strongly tilted towards nondiscretionary items that reduce the fiscal room for maneuver. Greater flexibility is needed to facilitate the reallocation of relatively inefficient expenditure into higher priorities. In this manner, medium-term expenditure rationalization can focus on reducing inefficient outlays rather than restraining traditionally flexible components of the budget, such as public investment.
Labor --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- Education: General --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Education --- Labour --- income economics --- Expenditure --- Health care spending --- Education spending --- Wages --- Expenditures, Public --- Slovenia, Republic of --- Government spending policy --- Decision making. --- Slovenia --- Economic conditions.
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Enhancing the efficiency of education and health spending is a key policy challenge in G7 countries. The paper assesses this efficiency and seeks to establish a link between differences in efficiency across countries and policy and institutional factors. The findings suggest that reforms aimed at increasing efficiency need to take into account the nature and causes of inefficiencies. Inefficiencies in G7 countries mostly reflect lack of cost effectiveness in acquiring real resources, such as teachers and pharmaceuticals. We also find that high wage spending is associated with lower efficiency. In addition, lowering student-teacher ratios is associated with reduced efficiency in the education sector, while immunizations and doctors' consultations coincide with higher efficiency in the health sector. Greater autonomy for schools seems to raise efficiency in secondary education.
Public Finance --- Education: General --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- Health: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Education --- Health economics --- Health care spending --- Education spending --- Health --- Expenditure --- Expenditures, Public --- Germany --- Medical economics --- Finance
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The paper assesses the financial situation of the health sector in the Slovak Republic. It also evaluates the efficiency of health expenditures and service delivery in comparison to the OECD and other new EU member states and suggests avenues for cost recovery and reform. The health sector of the Slovak Republic is plagued by financial problems. To turn around health system finances and achieve larger gains in health outcomes, the efficiency of health spending needs to increase and the mix and quality of real health resources need to be improved. Although Slovak's overall health spending efficiency is on par with that of the OECD, substantial inefficiencies occur in the process of transforming intermediate health inputs into health outcomes. Efficiency may be enhanced by containing the cost of drugs and reducing reliance on hospital care. Also, although cost-effectiveness may be relatively high at present, its sustainability in the future is an issue.
Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Health Policy --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- Health: General --- Analysis of Health Care Markets --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Public finance & taxation --- Health economics --- Health systems & services --- Finance --- Health care spending --- Health --- Health care --- Expenditure --- Insurance companies --- Expenditures, Public --- Medical care --- Slovak Republic --- Health care reform --- Medical economics
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