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Language and identity are closely interwoven: this collection of essays examines their relationship in a multicultural Europe and beyond and explores various ways in which language is used to forge class, regional and national identity. The question of multiple identity and the role of English are also considered.
Sociolinguistics --- Europe --- Nationalism --- Sociolinguistique --- Nationalisme --- 640 Taal --- Europese Unie --- 242 Nationaliteitenproblemen, Nationalisme --- Language and culture --- Linguistics --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Sociolinguistics - Europe. --- Nationalism - Europe.
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The proliferation of mobile phones in developing countries has generated a wave of interest in collecting high-frequency socioeconomic surveys using this technology. This paper considers lessons from one such survey effort in a difficult environment-the South Sudan Experimental Phone Survey, which gathered data on living conditions, access to services, and citizen attitudes via monthly interviews by phones provided to respondents. Non-response, particularly in later rounds of the survey, was a substantial problem, largely due to erratic functioning of the mobile network. However, selection due to non-response does not appear to have markedly affected survey results. Response rates were much higher for respondents who owned their own phones. Both compensation provided to respondents in the form of airtime and the type of phone (solar-charged or traditional) were varied experimentally. The type of phone was uncorrelated with response rates and, contrary to expectation, attrition was slightly higher for those receiving the higher level of compensation. The South Sudan Experimental Phone Survey experience suggests that mobile phones can be a viable means of data collection for some purposes, that calling people on their own phones is preferred to handing out phones, and that careful attention should be given to the potential for selective non-response.
E-Business --- Housing & Human Habitats --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Mobile phone --- Poverty Reduction --- Social Accountability --- Social Analysis --- Survey methodology --- South Sudan
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Nearly one in three children under age five in the Philippines is stunted, a key marker of undernutrition. This rate is high for the country's level of income. This paper provides the first detailed multivariate analysis of potential drivers of stunting in the Philippines, using data from the 2015 National Nutrition Survey. Potential drivers are analyzed individually and grouped in major categories. The analysis finds that stunting between 24-60 months is principally associated with suboptimal prenatal conditions and inadequate food security and diversity. If the results are given a causal interpretation, they imply that if all Filipino newborns had adequate prenatal conditions, the fraction stunted at age 24-60 months would fall by 20 percent. Similarly, providing adequate food security and diversity to all Filipino children would reduce stunting by 22 percent. Other factors - including access to water, sanitation, and environmental conditions - have less strong associations with stunting. The results point to a series of policy priorities to reduce stunting: supporting the nutrition and health of expectant mothers, ensuring access to contraception to reduce adolescent pregnancy, and ensuring that children consume a variety of healthy foods, including protein-dense foods such as milk, meat, and eggs.
Child Health --- Early Child and Children's Health --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Nutrition --- Poverty and Health --- Poverty Reduction --- Reproductive Health --- Stunting
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The 4th edition of Drug Interactions in Infectious Diseases is being split into two separate volumes – “Mechanisms and Models of Drug Interactions” and “Antimicrobial Drug Interactions”. This volume, “Mechanisms and Models of Drug Interactions,” delivers a text that enhances clinical knowledge of the complex mechanisms, risks, and consequences of drug interactions associated with antimicrobials, infection, and inflammation. The book provides a comprehensive review of basic clinical pharmacology with a focus on metabolism and transporter-mediated drug interactions. The chapters address materials that cannot be retrieved easily in the medical literature, including materials focused on the complex interrelationship of acute infection, inflammation, and the risk of drug interactions in the Drug-Cytokine chapter. The Food-Drug and Herb-Drug interactions chapters remain definitive resources. A new chapter on in vitro modeling of drug interactions is included along with updates on design and data analysis of clinical drug interaction studies. Authoritative discussion of models for regulatory decision-making on drug-drug interactions provides the necessary framework to aid antimicrobial drug development. This concise review of the mechanisms and models of drug interactions provides important insights to health care practitioners as well as scientists in drug development.
Drug interactions. --- Communicable diseases. --- Medicine. --- Pharmacy. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Infectious diseases. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology --- Chemistry --- Medicine --- Drugs --- Materia medica --- Pharmacology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Contagion and contagious diseases --- Contagious diseases --- Infectious diseases --- Microbial diseases in human beings --- Zymotic diseases --- Diseases --- Infection --- Epidemics --- Interactions, Drug --- Side effects --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases
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The 4th edition of Drug Interactions in Infectious Diseases is being split into two separate volumes – “Mechanisms and Models of Drug Interactions” and “Antimicrobial Drug Interactions”. This volume, “Antimicrobial Drug Interactions,” delivers a quick clinical resource that distills relevant drug interactions by antimicrobial drug class. The book provides informative tables on specific drug-drug interactions that include the degree and severity of the expected interaction. A mechanistic basis for drug-drug interactions is also provided to link observed interactions to pharmacologic characteristics of key drug classes. This complete resource is organized by major antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antimalarial, and antiprotozoal class. In line with current innovations in antimicrobial drug development, a distinct chapter on the pharmacologic management of drug interactions in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related infections is included. Two new chapters are dedicated to the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug-drug interactions given the breadth of antiretroviral class-specific effects. This comprehensive review of known drug interactions and strategies to manage them is an invaluable resource to all health care practitioners.
Drug interactions. --- Anti-infective agents. --- Communicable diseases. --- Medicine. --- Pharmacy. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Infectious diseases. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology --- Chemistry --- Medicine --- Drugs --- Materia medica --- Pharmacology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Contagion and contagious diseases --- Contagious diseases --- Infectious diseases --- Microbial diseases in human beings --- Zymotic diseases --- Diseases --- Infection --- Epidemics --- Antiinfective agents --- Antimicrobial agents --- Antimicrobial drugs --- Antimicrobials --- Interactions, Drug --- Side effects --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases
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