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Business logistics. --- Business logistics --- Data processing. --- Supply chain management --- Industrial management --- Logistics

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Este libro plantea la urgente necesidad de que los paises avancen con determinacion en la adopcion y mejora tanto de la calidad como de los estandares. El enfoque esta puesto en los paises en desarrollo, muchos de los cuales van atrasados en la carrera por la adopcion de estandares, y dentro de esa categoria, en los paises de ingreso mediano. El texto analiza el impacto economico de la calidad y los estandares en el crecimiento economico, en el comercio internacional y como punto de entrada hacia la actualizacion e integracion de las pequenas empresas. Ofrece lineamientos detallados para la creacion de sistemas nacionales de calidad que pueden dar un respaldo eficaz al uso y adopcion de estandares. Describe la estructura optima para un sistema nacional de calidad, evalua las funciones especificas de los sectores privado y publico, y propone lineamientos y normas de buenas practicas para tales roles. Tambien alude al tema del financiamiento, inclusive el alcance y la justificacion de los subsidios focalizados, asi como cuestiones de jurisdiccion. Se da especial enfasis a la integracion internacional a traves de convenios de reconocimiento mutuo que mejoran el acceso a los mercados externos, un objetivo clave para los paises en desarrollo.

Organizational effectiveness.

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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Electrical engineering --- elektriciteit

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Increasingly, entrepreneurship is being discussed and considered as a source of high economic growth and competitiveness. A conceptual process of creative construction that characterizes the dynamics between entrants and incumbents can prove quite useful to analyze the impact of countries' entrepreneurship capital on economic performance and can be a guide for economic policy. This paper applies a Stochastic Frontier Analysis approach to test the hypothesis that entrepreneurship capital promotes economic performance by serving as a conduit of knowledge spillovers. In addition, kernel density functions are employed to analyze convergence (or divergence) in the efficiency estimated for individual countries. The empirical evidence and results here tend to support the hypothesis. Specifically, the empirical analysis shows that the rate of expenditure on research and development in relation to new businesses registered has a positive and significant effect in increasing technical efficiency. These factors facilitate the dissemination of existing knowledge, develop entrepreneurship capital, and thus provide the missing link to economic performance-entrepreneurship capital. The authors also show the trends and dynamics of changes in countries' technical efficiency.

Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems --- E-Business --- Economic Theory & Research --- Entrepreneurship Capital --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Knowledge for Development --- Labor Policies --- Private Sector Development --- Stochastic Frontier Analysis (Sfa) --- Technical Efficiency

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This paper evaluates the impact of economic regulation on infrastructure sector outcomes. It tests the impact of regulation from three different angles: aligning costs with tariffs and firm profitability; reducing opportunistic renegotiation; and measuring the effects on productivity, quality of service, coverage, and prices. The analysis uses an extensive data set of about 1,000 infrastructure concessions granted in Latin America from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. The analysis finds that as the theory indicates, regulation matters. The empirical work here reported shows that in three relevant economic aspects-aligning costs and tariffs; dissuading renegotiations; and improving productivity, quality of service, coverage, and tariffs-the structure, institutions, and procedures of regulation matter. Thus, significant efforts should continue to be made to improve the structure, quality, and institutionality of regulation. Regulation matters for protecting both consumers and investors, for aligning closely financial returns and the costs of capital, and for capturing higher levels of benefits from the provision of infrastructure services by the private sector.

Debt Markets --- Developing economies --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial returns --- Gross domestic product --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure projects --- Infrastructure Regulation --- Private infrastructure --- Private investment --- Private investments --- Private Participation in Infrastructure --- Private Sector Development --- Privatization --- Regulatory frameworks --- Sustainable Development