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This monograph is one of the first theoretical studies of optatives. Optative constructions express desire without an overt lexical item that means 'desire'. The author specifically investigates optatives with the syntax of embedded clauses that contain prototypical particles such as 'only'. He rejects the view that optativity arises compositionally from the standard semantics of embedded clauses and prototypical particles. The following system is proposed: Desirability is due to a generalized scalar exclamation operator EX. Furthermore, clausal properties such as factivity/counterfactuality a

English language --- Comparative linguistics --- Grammar --- German language --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Modes (Linguistique) --- Subordonnées (Linguistique) --- Subjonctif --- Temps (Linguistique) --- Anglais (Langue) --- Allemand (Langue) --- Mood. --- Subordinate constructions. --- Subjunctive. --- Tense. --- Grammar, Comparative. --- Grammaire comparée --- English language -- Grammar, Comparative. --- Grammar, Comparative and general -- Mood. --- Grammar, Comparative and general -- Subjunctive. --- Grammar, Comparative and general -- Subordinate constructions. --- Grammar, Comparative and general -- Tense. --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Mood --- Subordinate constructions --- Subjunctive --- Tense --- Grammar, Comparative --- Subordonnées (Linguistique) --- Grammaire comparée --- Ashkenazic German language --- Hochdeutsch --- Judaeo-German language (German) --- Judendeutsch language --- Judeo-German language (German) --- Jüdisch-Deutsch language --- Jüdischdeutsch language --- Tense (Grammar) --- Conjunctive mood --- Subjunctive mood --- Mode (Grammar) --- Mood (Grammar) --- Subordination (Linguistics) --- Germanic languages --- Temporal constructions --- Verb --- Syntax --- Linguistics --- Philology

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This volume presents studies on pronouns in embedded contexts, and offers fundamental insights into this central area of research. Much of the recent research on pronouns has shown that embedded environments, such as clausal complements of attitude predicates, provide a window into the nature of pronouns. Pronouns in such environments not only exhibit familiar distinctions such as that between bound and referential pronouns; if they refer to the attitude holder, they also participate in a broader range of phenomena, e.g., distinguishing between a de se reading (involving a conscious self-directed belief) and a de re reading (involving an accidental belief about oneself). Topics covered in the book include: the semantics of attitude reports that contain pronominal elements, the semantics of pronominal features and their connection to indexicality, new insights in the connection of pronominal typology and logophoricity or anti-logophoricity, and finally, the localization of embedded pronouns within a bigger picture involving the nature of perspective and the analysis of quasi-pronominal phenomena such as sequence of tense.

Philosophy --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Philosophy of language --- Linguistics --- semantiek --- filosofie --- linguïstiek --- taalfilosofie