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Scribal Repertoires in Egypt from the New Kingdom to the Early Islamic Period deals with the possibility of glimpsing pre-modern and early modern Egyptian scribes, the actual people who produced ancient documents, through the ways in which they organized and wrote those documents. While traditional research has focused on identifying a 'pure' or 'original' text behind the actual manuscripts that have come down to us from pre-modern Egypt, the volume looks instead at variation - different ways of saying the same thing - as a rich source for understanding the complex social and cultural environments in which scribes lived and worked, breaking with the traditional conception of variation in scribal texts as 'free' or indicative of 'corruption'. As such, it presents a novel reconceptualization of scribal variation in pre-modern Egypt from the point of view of contemporary historical sociolinguistics, seeing scribes as agents embedded in particular geographical, temporal, and socio-cultural environments. Introducing to Egyptology concepts such as scribal communities, networks, and repertoires, among others, the authors then apply them to a variety of phenomena, including features of lexicon, grammar, orthography, palaeography, layout, and format. After first presenting this conceptual framework, they demonstrate how it has been applied to better-studied pre-modern societies by drawing upon the well-established domain of scribal variation in pre-modern English, before proceeding to a series of case studies applying these concepts to scribal variation spanning thousands of years, from the languages and writing systems of Pharaonic times, to those of Late Antique and Islamic Egypt

Scribes --- Manuscripts (Papyri) --- Coptic manuscripts (Papyri) --- Language. --- Manuscripts (Papyri). --- Social conditions --- Language --- Papyrus égyptiens --- Papyrus coptes. --- Manuscripts, Coptic (Papyri) --- Papyri, Egyptian --- Papyrus manuscripts --- Paleography --- Writing materials and instruments --- Copyists --- Papyrus égyptiens. --- Papyrus égyptiens.

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Égyptien ancien (langue) --- Copte (langue) --- Egyptian language --- Coptic language --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Grammaire comparée --- Grammar, Comparative. --- Grammaire comparée. --- Égyptien ancien (langue) --- Grammaire comparée.

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Coptic, the latest phase of the Ancient ­Egyptian language, existed from beginning to end in a multi­lingual space. The indigenous Egyptian language had been in contact with Greek – and other languages – from the first millennium BCE, as well as Arabic, since the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 CE. In effect, this is the earliest and best-attested situation of stable language contact in the ancient world. It is also a rich source for studies on lexical borrowing, since about 5000 loanwords from Greek and some 500 from Arabic form part of the lexicon of Coptic at various stages. These loanwords are documented in a wide ­variety of genres and registers, from the language of ­theology to that of science and everyday life. The ­focus of the volume is mainly lexical borrowing from Greek into Coptic, but other aspects will be treated as well, e.g., the sociolinguistic situation of Greek and Coptic, Coptic loanwords in Greek, Arabic loanwords in Coptic, and pre-Coptic ­evidence for lexical borrowing. A special focus will be on the sociolinguistic and functional aspects of lexical borrowing in Coptic.

Egypt --- Languages --- History --- Koptisch --- Sprachkontakt --- Sprachentwicklung --- Languages in contact --- Coptic language --- Greek language --- Langues en contact --- Influence on Coptic. --- Histoire --- Aegyptus. --- Copte (Langue) --- Grec (Langue) --- Influence on Coptic --- Influence sur le copte --- Egypte --- Langues --- Greek language, Hellenistic (300 B.C.-600 A.D.) --- Areal linguistics --- Greek language (Koinē) --- Hellenistic Greek --- Koinē (Greek language) --- Egyptian language --- Dialects --- Coptic language - History - To 1500 - Congresses --- Greek language, Hellenistic (300 B.C.-600 A.D.) - Dialects - Influence on Coptic - Congresses --- Languages in contact - Egypt - History - To 1500 - Congresses --- Lehnwörter

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Valency patterns and valency orientation have been frequent topics of research under different perspectives, often poorly connected. Diachronic studies on these topics is even less systematic than synchronic ones. The papers in this book bring together two strands of research on valency, i.e. the description of valency patterns as worked out in the Leipzig Valency Classes Project (ValPaL), and the assessment of a language's basic valency and its possible orientation. Notably, the ValPaL does not provide diachronic information concerning the valency patterns investigated: one of the aims of the book is to supplement the available data with data from historical stages of languages, in order to make it profitably exploitable for diachronic research. In addition, new research on the diachrony of basic valency and valency alternations can deepen our understanding of mechanisms of language change and of the propensity of languages or language families to exploit different constructional patterns related to transitivity.

LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General. --- Language Change. --- Transitivity. --- Valency. --- Voice.