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This groundbreaking book explores the migration of Calvinist refugees in Europe during the Reformation, across a century of persecution, exile and minority existence. Ole Peter Grell follows the fortunes of some of the earliest Reformed merchant families, forced to flee from the Tuscan city of Lucca during the 1560s, through their journey to France during the Wars of Religion to the St Bartholomew Day Massacre and their search for refuge in Sedan. He traces the lives of these interconnected families over three generations as they settled in European cities from Geneva to London, marrying into the diaspora of Reformed merchants. Based on a potent combination of religion, commerce and family networks, these often wealthy merchants and highly skilled craftsmen were amongst the most successful of early modern capitalists. Brethren in Christ shows how this interconnected network, reinforced through marriage and enterprise, forged the backbone of international Calvinism in Reformation Europe.

Christian church history --- anno 1600-1699 --- Europe --- Calvinism --- Calvinists --- Protestants --- Calvinistic Methodists --- Reformed Protestantism --- Congregationalism --- Reformation --- Reformed Church --- Theology, Doctrinal --- Arminianism --- Puritans --- Zwinglianism --- History. --- Doctrines --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Church history --- Arts and Humanities --- History

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When Martin Luther's protest began making an impact in Scandinavia in the 1520s, this region belonged to the religious and political periphery of Europe. A century later the Nordic countries had become of paramount importance to European Protestantism, and it was the intervention of Lutheran Scandinavia in the Thirty Years' War which helped secure the survival of European Protestantism. This volume describes how the Nordic countries came to be solidly Lutheran states by the early seventeenth century; how the evangelical movements differed and succeeded, and the different pace of reform and its institutionalisation. It offers a revisionist view of the role of the Catholic Church in Scandinavia, and its attempts to halt the reformation, and demonstrates the difficulties facing the new Lutheran churches trying to convert a conservative, peasant population to Protestantism.

Reformation --- Réforme (Christianisme) --- Scandinavia --- Scandinavie --- Church history --- Histoire religieuse --- -Scandinavia --- 284.1 <48> --- -Protestant Reformation --- Counter-Reformation --- Protestantism --- Lutheraanse hervorming. Reformatie van Luther--Skandinavië --- History --- Fennoscandia --- Norden --- Nordic countries --- -284.1 <48> --- -Lutheraanse hervorming. Reformatie van Luther--Skandinavië --- 284.1 <48> Lutheraanse hervorming. Reformatie van Luther--Skandinavië --- -Reformation --- Réforme (Christianisme) --- Protestant Reformation --- 16th century --- Reformation - Scandinavia. --- Scandinavia - Church history - 16th century. --- Arts and Humanities --- Reformation - - Scandinavia --- Scandinavia - Church history - 16th century

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283*15 --- 342.731 <420> --- Religion and state --- -Religious tolerance --- -Tolerance, Religious --- Toleration --- State and religion --- State, The --- Anglicanisme:--17de eeuw --- Vrijheid van godsdienst. Gewetensvrijheid--Engeland --- History --- -Congresses --- Religious aspects --- England --- Great Britain --- Religion --- -Congresses. --- Religious tolerance --- Congresses. --- -Anglicanisme:--17de eeuw --- 342.731 <420> Vrijheid van godsdienst. Gewetensvrijheid--Engeland --- 283*15 Anglicanisme:--17de eeuw --- Tolerance, Religious --- History&delete& --- Congresses --- Angleterre --- Anglii︠a︡ --- Inghilterra --- Engeland --- Inglaterra --- Anglija --- England and Wales

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Medical care --- Public welfare --- Poor --- Public health --- Social medicine --- History --- Europe, Northern --- History. --- -Social medicine --- -Europe, Northern --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Medical sociology --- Medicine --- Medicine, Social --- Sociology --- Medical ethics --- Medical sociologists --- Benevolent institutions --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Human services --- Social service --- Community health --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Sanitary affairs --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Medical care&delete& --- Europe, Northern&delete& --- Economic conditions --- Social aspects --- Government policy --- Medical care - Europe, Northern - History - 18th century. --- Medical care - Europe, Northern - History - 19th century. --- Public welfare - Europe, Northern - History - 18th century. --- Public welfare - Europe, Northern - History - 19th century. --- Poor - Medical care - Europe, Northern - History. --- Public health - Europe, Northern - History. --- Social medicine - Europe, Northern - History. --- Medical care - Europe, Northern - History - 19th century --- Public welfare - Europe, Northern - History - 18th century --- Public welfare - Europe, Northern - History - 19th century --- Poor - Medical care - Europe, Northern - History --- Public health - Europe, Northern - History --- Social medicine - Europe, Northern - History

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Scholarly treatment of Anglo-Dutch cultural relations, with a focus on the 17th and 18th centuries.

England --- Church history