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As a result of the work assembling the documents, memoranda, and reports that constitute the material in The Torture Papers the question of the rationale behind the Bush administration's decision to condone the use of coercive interrogation techniques in the interrogation of detainees suspected of terrorist connections was raised. The condoned use of torture in any society is questionable but its use by the United States, a liberal democracy that champions human rights and is a party to international conventions forbidding torture, has sparked an intense debate within America. The Torture Debate in America captures these arguments with essays from individuals in different discipines. This volume is divided into two sections with essays covering all sides of the argument from those who embrace absolute prohibition of torture to those who see it as a viable option in the war on terror and with documents complementing the essays.

Terrorism. --- Terrorisme --- Qaida (Organization) --- TerrorismeQaida (Organization) --- Torture. --- Abuse of. --- Violence envers --- Human rights --- Political prisoners --- War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- Droits de l'homme (Droit international) --- Torture --- Prisonniers politiques --- Guerre contre le terrorisme, 2001-2009 --- Government policy --- Politique gouvernementale --- Law --- General and Others --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Military interrogation. --- War on Terrorism, 2001-2009. --- Global Struggle Against Violent Extremism, 2001-2009 --- Global War on Terror, 2001-2009 --- GWOT, 2001-2009 (War on Terrorism) --- Terror War, 2001-2009 --- Terrorism War, 2001-2009 --- War against Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- War on Terror, 2001-2009 --- Military history, Modern --- Terrorism --- World politics --- Afghan War, 2001-2021 --- Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001 --- -Questioning --- Cruelty --- Punishment --- Extraordinary rendition --- Prevention --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Qāʻidah (Organization) --- Quaida (Organization) --- Al-Qaida (Organization) --- Qaeda (Organization) --- International Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders --- Islamic Salvation Foundation --- Group for the Preservation of the Holy Sites --- Islamic Army for the Preservation of Holy Sites --- Islamic Army for the Preservation of the Holy Places --- Al Qaeda (Organization) --- Al Queda (Organization) --- Alʹ-Kaida (Organization) --- Kaida (Organization) --- R̄ekxirawî Elqaʻîde --- Elqaʻîde (Organization) --- تنظيم القاعدة --- قاعدة (منظمة) --- Al-Qaedah (Organization) --- 11.09.2001 --- Al Qaeda --- Europe --- United States of America --- international terrorism --- Osama bin Laden

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"Despite assertions about the unprecedented nature of his presidency, few of Trump's policies have been novel; many had been proposed in varied form throughout the latter years of the 20th century. Yet it was not until 9/11 that many of these policies started to take hold. In this intellectual and political history, Greenberg traces the evolving language, law, governance and policy that began to redefine the nation in the wake of 9/11 and shows how these took a transformative step forward under Donald Trump. Rampant executive power, exceptionalism in foreign affairs, racism and xenophobia, disinformation, and a disdain for the law-all found secure footing initially after the attacks of 9/11 and with new energy and rootedness in the era of Trump. Ultimately, Greenberg shows how Trump repurposed the war on terror playbook and turned it on democracy itself. The book outlines the "subtle tools" that were put into place in the wake of 9/11 and that paved the way for Trump's politics today: imprecision and vagueness in language, secrecy and the hiding of facts, bureaucratic porousness, and the abandonment of norms. Greenberg shows, for instance, how the all-encompassing language used in the Authorizations for Use of Military Force (which ultimately authorized the Iraq War) became characteristic of other policies, providing legal grounding for previously illegal practices like the indefinite detention of "detainees" at Guantanamo Bay and of children and adults at the southern border. These tools--subtle enough to evade public scrutiny--hold the key, Greenberg argues, to understanding the trajectory of our democracy over the last two decades. In mapping out democratic vulnerabilities, the book also points to the reforms that would be needed to strengthen and ground American governance. Overall, the result is a book deeply grounded in interview, legal documents, and archival work that finds a new origin point for the story of the Trump-era and reveals the deep connection between the war and terror and our current political life"-- "How policies forged after September 11 were weaponized under Trump and turned on American democracy itself. In the wake of the September 11 terror attacks, the American government implemented a wave of overt policies to fight the nation's enemies. Unseen and undetected by the public, however, another set of tools were brought to bear on the domestic front. In this riveting book, one of today's leading experts on the US security state shows how these "subtle tools" imperiled the very foundations of democracy, from the separation of powers and transparency in government to adherence to the Constitution.Taking readers from Ground Zero to the Capitol insurrection, Karen Greenberg describes the subtle tools that were forged under George W. Bush in the name of security: imprecise language, bureaucratic confusion, secrecy, and the bypassing of procedural and legal norms. While the power and legacy of these tools lasted into the Obama years, reliance on them increased exponentially in the Trump era, both in the fight against terrorism abroad and in battles closer to home. Greenberg discusses how the Trump administration weaponized these tools to separate families at the border, suppress Black Lives Matter protests, and attempt to overturn the 2020 presidential election.Revealing the deeper consequences of the war on terror, Subtle Tools paints a troubling portrait of an increasingly undemocratic America where disinformation, xenophobia, and disdain for the law became the new norm, and where the subtle tools of national security threatened democracy itself"--

War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- Global Struggle Against Violent Extremism, 2001-2009 --- Global War on Terror, 2001-2009 --- GWOT, 2001-2009 (War on Terrorism) --- Terror War, 2001-2009 --- Terrorism War, 2001-2009 --- War against Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- War on Terror, 2001-2009 --- Military history, Modern --- Terrorism --- World politics --- Afghan War, 2001-2021 --- Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001 --- -Politcal aspects. --- Prevention --- Trump, Donald, --- Trump, Donald J., --- Tramp, Donalʹd, --- Трамп, Дональд, --- 川普唐納德, --- The Donald, --- Donald, --- Trump, Donald John, --- United States --- Politics and government --- Politcal aspects. --- Abuse of power. --- Accountability. --- Activism. --- Aftermath of the September 11 attacks. --- Aircraft. --- Al-Qaeda. --- Assassination. --- At Best. --- Attempt. --- Ballot. --- By-law. --- Civil service. --- Cold War (1985–91). --- Complaint. --- Counter-terrorism. --- Credential. --- Crime. --- Declaration of war. --- Deference. --- Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. --- Deportation. --- Detainer. --- Directive (European Union). --- Director of National Intelligence. --- Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. --- Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. --- Donald Trump. --- Economy of Iran. --- Electoral fraud. --- Enemy combatant. --- Enhanced interrogation techniques. --- Establishment Clause. --- Executive order. --- Federal government of the United States. --- Fraud. --- Gennifer Flowers. --- George W. Bush. --- Governor of Oregon. --- Hillary Clinton. --- Homeland Security Act. --- Homeland security. --- Illegal immigration. --- Immigration policy. --- Immigration. --- Inauguration. --- Injunction. --- Inspector general. --- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. --- Islamic terrorism. --- James Comey. --- John Ashcroft. --- Joint session. --- Law enforcement. --- Lawsuit. --- Legislator. --- Louis Freeh. --- Michael Chertoff. --- Military deployment. --- Mission creep. --- Muslims (nationality). --- National Security Entry-Exit Registration System. --- National security. --- Nomination. --- Patriot Act. --- Plaintiff. --- Politics and the English Language. --- Posse Comitatus Act. --- Prisoner of war. --- Proclamation. --- Prosecutor. --- Protest. --- Qasem Soleimani. --- Recommendation (European Union). --- Refugee. --- Reince Priebus. --- Robert Bork. --- Robert F. Kennedy. --- Rubber bullet. --- Ryan Crocker. --- Secrecy. --- Solicitor General. --- Statute. --- Taliban. --- Targeted killing. --- Tear gas. --- Terrorism. --- Torture. --- Un-American. --- United States Department of Homeland Security. --- United States Department of State. --- Unrest. --- Vetting. --- Voting Rights Act of 1965. --- Voting. --- Waiver. --- War Powers Resolution. --- War. --- Warfare. --- Watergate scandal. --- White supremacy.

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The Torture Papers document the so-called 'torture memos' and reports which US government officials wrote to prepare the way for, and to document, coercive interrogation and torture in Afghanistan, Guantanamo, and Abu Ghraib. These documents present for the first time a compilation of materials that prior to publication have existed only piecemeal in the public domain. The Bush Administration, concerned about the legality of harsh interrogation techniques, understood the need to establish a legally viable argument to justify such procedures. The memos and reports document the systematic attempt of the US Government to prepare the way for torture techniques and coercive interrogation practices, forbidden under international law, with the express intent of evading legal punishment in the aftermath of any discovery of these practices and policies.

Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Torture --- Political prisoners --- Prisoners of conscience --- Prisoners --- Prisoners and prisons, American. --- Atrocities. --- Abu Ghraib Prison. --- Baghdad Central Confinement Facility --- BCCF --- Muʻtaqal Abū Gharīb --- Sijn Abū Gharīb --- Muʻtaqal Abū Ghurayb --- Muʻtaqal Abū Ghurayyib --- معتقل ابو غريب --- سجن أبو غريب --- Law --- General and Others