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Ecologia del foc --- Gestió forestal --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Administració dels boscos --- Administració forestal --- Desenvolupament forestal --- Gestió dels boscos --- Ordenació dels boscos --- Ordenació forestal --- Gestió dels ecosistemes --- Gestió de recursos naturals --- Conservació dels boscos --- Guardaboscos --- Política forestal --- Silvicultura --- Aspectes ambientals dels focs --- Aspectes ambientals dels incendis --- Ecologia dels focs --- Ecologia dels incendis forestals --- Ecosistemes dels focs --- Ecologia --- E.U.A. --- EE.UU. --- EUA --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estats Units --- U.S.A. --- United States --- United States of America --- USA --- Amèrica del Nord --- Alabama --- Alaska --- Arizona --- Arkansas --- Califòrnia --- Carolina del Nord --- Carolina del Sud --- Colorado --- Connecticut --- Dakota del Nord --- Dakota del Sud --- Delaware --- Florida --- Geòrgia --- Guadalupe Mountains (Estats Units d'Amèrica : Serralada) --- Hawaii --- Idaho --- Illinois --- Indiana --- Iowa --- Kansas --- Kentucky --- Louisiana --- Maine --- Maryland --- Massachusetts --- Michigan --- Minnesota --- Mississipí --- Missouri --- Montana --- Nebraska --- Nevada --- Nou Hampshire --- Nou Mèxic --- Nova Jersey --- Nova York (Estat) --- Oest (Estats Units d'Amèrica) --- Ohio --- Oklahoma --- Oregon --- Pennsilvània --- Rhode Island --- Tennessee --- Texas --- Utah --- Vermont --- Virgínia --- Virgínia de l'Oest --- Washington (Districte de Colúmbia) --- Washington (Estat) --- Wisconsin --- Wyoming --- Yellowstone National Park --- Forest fires --- Environmental aspects. --- Forest fire ecology --- Fire ecology --- Forest ecology --- Ecology --- Est (Estats Units d'Amèrica)

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This book discusses the historic range of variation (HRV) in the types, frequencies, severities and scales of natural disturbances, and explores how they create heterogeneous structure within upland hardwood forests of the Central Hardwood Region (CHR). The book was written in response to a 2012 forest planning rule which requires that national forests to be managed to sustain ‘ecological integrity’ and within the ‘natural range of variation’ of natural disturbances and vegetation structure. Synthesizing information on HRV of natural disturbance types, and their impacts on forest structure, has been identified as a top need. Historically, both non-anthropogenic and anthropogenic disturbances were integral to shaping central hardwood forests, and essential in maintaining diverse biotic communities. Spatial extent, frequency and severity differ among natural disturbance types, creating mosaics and gradients of structural conditions and canopy openness across the landscape. The book arises from a 2014 symposium at the Association of Southeastern Biologists conference. Chapter authors presented original scientific research and synthesized knowledge of major types of natural disturbances, with a focus on forest structure and implications for forest management. The book focuses on how natural disturbances have historically influenced the structure and composition of central hardwood forests, and what this means for forest management today. Discussion includes such questions as: What was the historic distribution, scale, and frequency of different natural disturbances? How do gradual disturbances occurring over a long period and across a broad landscape differ in effects from abrupt and localized events such as tornadoes? How does topography influence the impact of disturbances? How do native biotic agents such as insects, fungi, and keystone wildlife species, or abiotic factors such as precipitation, drought, temperature, wind and soil interact to alter the outcomes of disturbances? How might disturbance-adapted plants and animals have fared in the hypothetical absence of anthropogenic disturbances?  How might climate change alter disturbance regimes and structure of upland hardwood forests in the future?  And finally, should, how, and can land managers manage these forests within the HRV of natural disturbance frequencies, spatial extents and gradient of conditions they create?

Ecology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Hardwoods --- Forest management --- Hard woods --- Forests and forestry --- Lumber --- Wood --- Nature Conservation. --- Environmental management. --- Ecology. --- Geology. --- Environmental Management. --- Geoecology/Natural Processes. --- Natural Hazards. --- Environmental Geography. --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Management --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Applied ecology --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Conservation --- Nature conservation. --- Geoecology. --- Environmental geology. --- Natural disasters. --- Environmental geography. --- Geography --- Natural calamities --- Disasters --- Geoecology --- Environmental protection --- Physical geology

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This book discusses the historic range of variation (HRV) in the types, frequencies, severities and scales of natural disturbances, and explores how they create heterogeneous structure within upland hardwood forests of the Central Hardwood Region (CHR). The book was written in response to a 2012 forest planning rule which requires that national forests to be managed to sustain ‘ecological integrity’ and within the ‘natural range of variation’ of natural disturbances and vegetation structure. Synthesizing information on HRV of natural disturbance types, and their impacts on forest structure, has been identified as a top need. Historically, both non-anthropogenic and anthropogenic disturbances were integral to shaping central hardwood forests, and essential in maintaining diverse biotic communities. Spatial extent, frequency and severity differ among natural disturbance types, creating mosaics and gradients of structural conditions and canopy openness across the landscape. The book arises from a 2014 symposium at the Association of Southeastern Biologists conference. Chapter authors presented original scientific research and synthesized knowledge of major types of natural disturbances, with a focus on forest structure and implications for forest management. The book focuses on how natural disturbances have historically influenced the structure and composition of central hardwood forests, and what this means for forest management today. Discussion includes such questions as: What was the historic distribution, scale, and frequency of different natural disturbances? How do gradual disturbances occurring over a long period and across a broad landscape differ in effects from abrupt and localized events such as tornadoes? How does topography influence the impact of disturbances? How do native biotic agents such as insects, fungi, and keystone wildlife species, or abiotic factors such as precipitation, drought, temperature, wind and soil interact to alter the outcomes of disturbances? How might disturbance-adapted plants and animals have fared in the hypothetical absence of anthropogenic disturbances?  How might climate change alter disturbance regimes and structure of upland hardwood forests in the future?  And finally, should, how, and can land managers manage these forests within the HRV of natural disturbance frequencies, spatial extents and gradient of conditions they create?

Nature protection --- Geophysics --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Geology. Earth sciences --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Geography --- environment --- geobiologie --- ecologie --- milieubeleid --- geografie --- natuurbescherming --- geologie --- insecten --- natuurrampen --- klimaatverandering

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There is a rising concern among natural resource scientists and managers about decline of the many plant and animal species associated with early successional habitats, especially within the Central Hardwood Region.  Open sites with grass, herbaceous, shrub, or incomplete young forest cover are disappearing as abandoned farmland and pastures return to forest and recently harvested or disturbed forests re-grow.  There are many questions about why, what, where, and how  to manage for early successional habitats.  Tradeoffs among ecological services such as carbon storage, hydrologic processes, forest products, and biotic diversity between young, early successional habitats and mature forest are not fully understood.  Personal values and attitudes regarding forest management for conservation purposes versus "letting nature take its course," complicate finding common ground on whether and how to create or sustain early successional habitats.  In this book, expert scientists and experienced land managers synthesize knowledge and original scientific work to address critical questions sparked by the decline of early successional habitats.  We focus on habitats created by natural disturbances or management of upland hardwood forests and discuss how they can be sustainably created and managed in a landscape context.  Together, chapters written by ecologists, conservationists, and land managers provide a balanced view of how past, current, and future scenarios affect the extent and quality of early successional habitat and implications for ecosystem services and disturbance-dependant plants and animals in upland hardwood forest of the Central Hardwood Region.  

Nature protection --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- natuurbeheer --- biodiversiteit --- milieuzorg --- natuurbescherming --- ecosystemen --- milieubescherming