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Finches --- Mockingbirds --- Flies --- Evolution (Biology) --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Evolution. --- Evolution --- Finches - Evolution --- Mockingbirds - Evolution --- Flies - Evolution

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Finches --- Finches --- Adaptation --- Evolution

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Renowned evolutionary biologists Peter and Rosemary Grant have produced landmark studies of the Galápagos finches first made famous by Charles Darwin. In How and Why Species Multiply, they offered a complete evolutionary history of Darwin's finches since their origin almost three million years ago. Now, in their richly illustrated new book, 40 Years of Evolution, the authors turn their attention to events taking place on a contemporary scale. By continuously tracking finch populations over a period of four decades, they uncover the causes and consequences of significant events leading to evolutionary changes in species.The authors used a vast and unparalleled range of ecological, behavioral, and genetic data--including song recordings, DNA analyses, and feeding and breeding behavior--to measure changes in finch populations on the small island of Daphne Major in the Galápagos archipelago. They find that natural selection happens repeatedly, that finches hybridize and exchange genes rarely, and that they compete for scarce food in times of drought, with the remarkable result that the finch populations today differ significantly in average beak size and shape from those of forty years ago. The authors' most spectacular discovery is the initiation and establishment of a new lineage that now behaves as a new species, differing from others in size, song, and other characteristics. The authors emphasize the immeasurable value of continuous long-term studies of natural populations and of critical opportunities for detecting and understanding rare but significant events.By following the fates of finches for several generations, 40 Years of Evolution offers unparalleled insights into ecological and evolutionary changes in natural environments.

Bird populations --- Birds --- Ground finches --- Evolution

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Evolutionary biology has witnessed breathtaking advances in recent years. Some of its most exciting insights have come from the crossover of disciplines as varied as paleontology, molecular biology, ecology, and genetics. This book brings together many of today's pioneers in evolutionary biology to describe the latest advances and explain why a cross-disciplinary and integrated approach to research questions is so essential. Contributors discuss the origins of biological diversity, mechanisms of evolutionary change at the molecular and developmental levels, morphology and behavior, and the ecology of adaptive radiations and speciation. They highlight the mutual dependence of organisms and their environments, and reveal the different strategies today's researchers are using in the field and laboratory to explore this interdependence. Peter and Rosemary Grant--renowned for their influential work on Darwin's finches in the Galápagos--provide concise introductions to each section and identify the key questions future research needs to address. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Myra Awodey, Christopher N. Balakrishnan, Rowan D. H. Barrett, May R. Berenbaum, Paul M. Brakefield, Philip J. Currie, Scott V. Edwards, Douglas J. Emlen, Joshua B. Gross, Hopi E. Hoekstra, Richard Hudson, David Jablonski, David T. Johnston, Mathieu Joron, David Kingsley, Andrew H. Knoll, Mimi A. R. Koehl, June Y. Lee, Jonathan B. Losos, Isabel Santos Magalhaes, Albert B. Phillimore, Trevor Price, Dolph Schluter, Ole Seehausen, Clifford J. Tabin, John N. Thompson, and David B. Wake.

Evolution (Biology) --- Angraecum striatum. --- Barombi Mbo lake. --- Beipiaosaurus inexpectus. --- Bicyclus anynana. --- Caudipteryx dongi. --- Confuciusornis. --- Darwinian evolution. --- Deinonychus. --- Fisherian selection. --- Gasterosteus. --- Greya mitellae. --- Hawaii. --- Herrerasaurus. --- Heucherina. --- adaptive loss. --- adaptive radiation. --- adaptive walk. --- allospecies. --- amber fossils. --- antagonism. --- ascertainment bias. --- beetle horns. --- behavior. --- behavioral ecology. --- biodiversity problem. --- biomechanics. --- biotic drift. --- bounded diffusion. --- bryozoans. --- catastrophism. --- coalescent model. --- colonization. --- commensalism. --- convergent evolution. --- cultural inheritance. --- ecogenomics. --- ecological diversity. --- ecological factors. --- epistasis. --- extended phenotype. --- field experiments. --- field studies. --- freshwater fish. --- gene expression analysis. --- genetic mapping. --- genomics era. --- habitat effects. --- host shifts. --- hybridization. --- hypomorphic mutations. --- imaginal discs.

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