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Notre monde fait face à deux crises majeures, le dérèglement climatique et le déclin de biodiversité. Si la première est prise au sérieux, la seconde nous laisse trop souvent indifférents, d'autant que certaines espèces, moustiques ou plantes envahissantes, nous sont désagréables. Pourtant cette crise est bien réelle. Nous ne parvenons pas à percevoir la biodiversité correctement. Nous ne comprenons pas sa nature, son ampleur colossale ni sa force implacable, et le terme de "puissance" ne lui est pas souvent associé. Comparée au climat et à ses extrêmes destructeurs, elle semble au contraire bien fragile, avec ses organismes en voie d'extinction et ses forêts tropicales malmenées. Et pourtant, une partie du vivant - moustiques vecteurs, pathogènes, virus ou bactéries, espèces exotiques résistantes - se défend opiniâtrement. Cette biodiversité-là semble bel et bien puissante... et peut causer des morts humaines par millions. Pour éviter d'en être victimes, nous devons apprendre à utiliser cette puissance du vivant à notre bénéfice plutôt que de la détruire. Ce sont les écosystèmes en bonne santé et riches en biodiversité qui nous permettent de vivre, en assurant notre alimentation comme nos ressources en eau, et en régulant notre climat. Nous devons impérativement apprendre à y habiter durablement.

Biodiversité --- Environnement --- Diversité animale. --- Diversité végétale. --- Conservation des ressources. --- Protection. --- Biodiversité -- Conservation des ressources --- Conservation des ressources --- biodiversité --- Biodiversity conservation --- Environmental protection --- Animal diversity --- Plant diversity --- Biodiversité --- Diversité animale. --- Diversité végétale. --- Diversité animale --- Diversité végétale --- Protection

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Phylogenetic diversity is now a key concept for biodiversity conservation due to its link to option value, evolutionary potential and to the possibility of guiding conservation across scales. Present facilities for obtaining molecular sequences and metagenomes are powering this research field, rendering available detailed information of phylogenetic diversity for a wide taxonomic sample in a short time frame. Along with modern methods of Systematic Conservation Planning this will certainly contribute to more explicit identification of conservation priorities and options. This book brings an updated state of the art of phylogenetic diversity in conservation biology. Nineteen chapters written by scientists from research institutions of fourteen countries demonstrate that approaches for preserving the evolutionary heritage are now very tuned into human impacts and sustainability issues. The questions, methods and applications around which it is organized show the importance of phylogenetic diversity in avoiding biodiversity losses in the present extinction crisis. They touch important points such as the way we value phylogenetic diversity, the importance of thinking at a much wider sample of the Tree of Life, the choice of adequate measures. In methods section, new solutions, such as dealing with abundances, sampling effort, or with information coming from conflicting phylogenetic trees are provided. Application section includes study cases of different groups of organi sms, such as mammals, amphibians, butterflies and plants, in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, showing that phylogenetic diversity can be applied in a very wide range of situations, including as a way for predicting conservation status of species. This highlights the interest of this book not only for students and scientists of related disciplines but also for stakeholders and policy-makers working on the implementation of global, regional, and local agendas for biodiversity conservation.

Nature protection --- Systematics. Taxonomy. Nomenclature --- General ecology and biosociology --- Biology --- Animal systematics, taxonomy, nomencl. --- systematische plantkunde --- biodiversiteit --- biogeografie --- duurzaamheid --- biologie --- natuurbescherming --- nomenclatuur --- zoölogie --- moleculaire biologie

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Molecular evolution. --- Biodiversity. --- Evolution (Biology) --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Biochemical evolution --- Chemical evolution --- Life --- Molecular biology --- Origin

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