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When the top personal tax rates are above the corporate rate, high-income individuals have an incentive to reclassify their earnings as corporate rather than personal income for tax purposes. U.S. tax law at least imposes strict limits on the extent to which employees in publicly traded corporations can engage in such income shifting. However, entrepreneurs setting up new firms can easily reclassify their income for tax purposes. This tax incentive therefore favors entrepreneurial activity. The paper discusses how best to subsidize entrepreneurial activity while avoiding other economic distortions.
Investments: Stocks --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Corporate Taxation --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Production, Pricing, and Market Structure --- Size Distribution of Firms --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Labor Demand --- Corporate & business tax --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- Labour --- income economics --- Corporate income tax --- Personal income --- Stocks --- Tax incentives --- Self-employment --- Taxes --- National accounts --- Financial institutions --- Corporations --- Income --- Self-employed --- United States --- Income economics
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Existing corporate taxes distort many aspects of firm behavior. To the extent that the corporate tax rate is lower than personal tax rates, taxes favor corporate activity, and favor retaining earnings rather than paying earnings out to employees and investors. Multinationals can even avoid these taxes by shifting income into tax havens. Given the ease with which multinationals can evade tax, the existing income tax structure faces major pressures, as reflected in average statutory corporate tax rates halving in recent decades. The Element speculates on alternative tax structures that will avoid these problems.
Corporations --- Taxation --- Law and legislation.
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