Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Many low-income countries do not use interest rates as their main monetary policy instrument. In East Africa, for instance, targeting money aggregates has been pretty much the rule rather than the exception. Nevertheless, these targets are seldom met and often readjusted according to the economic environment. This opens up the possibility that central banks are de facto pursuing a strategy more akin to a Taylor Rule. Estimations of small-scale models for Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania suggest that these self-styled "monetary targeters" are respecting the Taylor Principle, that is are on average increasing nominal interest rates more than proportionally to inflation. Nevertheless, steep deviations from the Taylor Rule have taken place in Kenya and Tanzania. In Uganda, these errors are much smaller, in fact similar in size to Taylor Rule deviations found for Brazil. More surprisingly, they are smaller than South Africa’s, the continent’s sole long-term inflation targeter.

Banks and Banking --- Inflation --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Production and Operations Management --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Monetary Policy --- Macroeconomics --- Finance --- Monetary economics --- Output gap --- Interbank rates --- Inflation targeting --- Prices --- Production --- Financial services --- Monetary policy --- Economic theory --- Interest rates --- Tanzania, United Republic of

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper investigates what factors affect the duration of sudden stops in capital flows using quarterly data for a large panel of countries. We find that countries with floating exchange rate regimes tend to experience shorter sudden stop episodes and that fixed exchange rate regimes are associated with longer periods of low output growth following sudden stops. These effects are quantitatively large: having a flexible exchange rate regime increases the probability of exiting the sudden stop state by between 50 to 80 percent. Flexible exchange rate regimes significantly shorten the duration of output decelerations following sudden stops by over 30 percent. Positive variations in terms of trade also abbreviate the duration of sudden stops. In terms of policies, identification is trickier, but the evidence suggests that monetary policy tightening shortens the duration of sudden stops. Changes in capital account restrictions do not seem to matter.

Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Sudden stops --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Capital controls --- Terms of trade --- Capital flows --- Balance of payments --- International trade --- Capital movements --- Economic policy --- nternational cooperation --- United States --- Nternational cooperation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Latin America was hit hard by Covid-19, both in terms of lives and livelihoods. Early lockdowns in the second quarter of 2020 prevented an explosion of deaths at the time but did not stop the pandemic from later wreaking havoc in the region. This paper investigates the dynamics of pandemics in Latin America and how it differed from elsewhere. We probe the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions; the effectiveness (or lack of thereof) lock-downs in Latin America; which structural factors contributed to the high death toll in Latin America, and the extent to which the epidemic harmed the economy. Finally, we briefly analyze the roots of the second-waves that started in the fourth quarter of 2020.

Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- International Economics --- Diseases: Contagious --- Demography --- Foreign Exchange --- Informal Economy --- Underground Econom --- Health Behavior --- Demographic Economics: General --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- Population & demography --- COVID-19 --- Health --- Population and demographics --- Currency crises --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Communicable diseases --- Population --- United States

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Diyala region in eastern Iraq has long been a focal area of study for scholars of the Bronze Age, thanks both to its long history of human occupation, and its position as a site of strategic importance. Drawing on this strong tradition of scholarship and the results of numerous excavations and collections in the area, the seven contributions gathered in this volume aim to offer new insights into the cultures and societies of the Bronze Age Diyala by proposing new questions, problems, and approaches. Exploring subjects as widespread as architecture and iconography, cultural and economic history, the study of social networks, historiography, and the identification of ancient cities, these chapters explore the richness of the Bronze Age Diyala from a range of perspectives, and together offer important new insights into our understanding of the area.

Conferences - Meetings --- Antiquities. --- Iraq --- Diyālá (Iraq) --- Iraq. --- Interdisciplinary research --- Congresses --- Diyala --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Bronze age. --- Historical geography. --- Regional planning. --- Fouilles archéologiques --- Âge du bronze --- Géographie historique --- Aménagement du territoire --- Civilisation --- Diyala River (Iran and Iraq) --- Civilization.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In Search of Lost Time: Examining the Duration of Sudden Stops in Capital Flows.

E-books