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L’originalité du travail d’Ernest Coumet en histoire et en philosophie des sciences se perçoit dès sa thèse, en 1968, sur l’histoire des combinaisons au début du xviie siècle, avant Pascal et Leibniz. Examen subtil de textes et d’auteurs alors inconnus ou très peu étudiés, comme Marin Mersenne, Bernard Frenicle de Bessy, et bien d’autres ; réflexions profondes sur le développement des mathématiques et ses ancrages culturels ; chemins nouveaux tracés entre langage, musique et combinatoire à l’époque moderne ; tout s’enchaîne, donnant à voir, mieux encore que dans ses articles forcément condensés, la pratique de ce grand historien des sciences du xxe siècle. Restée jusqu’alors inédite, cette thèse témoigne de la pertinence toujours renouvelée de la démarche de Coumet.
History & Philosophy Of Science --- histoire des mathématiques --- langage --- Ernest Coumet --- combinatoire --- Marin Mersenne
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For a long time, World War I has been shortchanged by the historiography of science. Until recently, World War II was usually considered as the defining event for the formation of the modern relationship between science and society. In this context, the effects of the First World War, by contrast, were often limited to the massive deaths of promising young scientists. By focusing on a few key places (Paris, Cambridge, Rome, Chicago, Brno, and others), the present book gathers studies representing a broad spectrum of positions adopted by mathematicians about the conflict, from militant pacifism to military, scientific, or ideological mobilization. The use of mathematics for war is thoroughly examined. This book suggests a new vision of the long-term influence of World War I on mathematics and mathematicians. Continuities and discontinuities in the structure and organization of the mathematical sciences are discussed, as well as their images in various milieux. Topics of research and the values with which they were defended are scrutinized. This book, in particular, proposes a more in-depth evaluation of the issue of modernity and modernization in mathematics. The issue of scientific international relations after the war is revisited by a close look at the situation in a few Allied countries (France, Britain, Italy, and the USA), as well as in a new country created by the war, Czechoslovakia. The historiography has emphasized the place of Germany as the leading mathematical country before WWI and the absurdity of its postwar ostracism by the Allies. The studies presented here help explain how dramatically different prewar situations, prolonged interaction during the war, and new international postwar organizations led to attempts at redrafting models for mathematical developments.
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511 --- Number theory --- 511 Number theory
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Revisits successive periods in the reception of the Disquisitiones as it studies which parts were taken up and when, which themes were further explored. This work also focuses on how specific mathematicians reacted to Gauss' book: Dirichlet and Hermite, Kummer and Genocchi, Dedekind and Zolotarev, Dickson and Emmy Noether, among others.
Number theory. --- Gauss, Carl Friedrich, --- Number study --- Numbers, Theory of --- Algebra --- Algebra. --- Number Theory. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Mathematics --- Mathematical analysis --- Mathematics. --- History. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Math --- Science
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