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To help the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services more accurately predict future health care costs, RAND Health developed the Future Elderly Model (FEM). A demographic-economic model of health spending projections, the FEM enables the user to answer "what-if" questions about the effects of changes in health status and disease treatment on future health care costs.

Older people. --- Population Dynamics --- Health Expenditures --- Health Services for the Aged --- Health Status --- Aged --- Medicare --- Health Planning --- Demography --- Legislation as Topic --- Health Services --- Delivery of Health Care --- Adult --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Medical Assistance --- Insurance, Health --- Costs and Cost Analysis --- Age Groups --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Health Care --- Social Control, Formal --- Insurance --- Public Assistance --- Population Characteristics --- Social Sciences --- Economics --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Public Health --- Financing, Government --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Persons --- Financing, Organized --- Environment and Public Health --- Named Groups --- Aged Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Community Financing --- Grants --- Organized Financing --- Financing, Community --- Grant --- Person --- Government Financing --- Federal Aid --- Financing, Public --- Grants and Subsidies, Government --- Hill-Burton Act --- Subsidies, Government --- Act, Hill-Burton --- Aid, Federal --- Aids, Federal --- Federal Aids --- Government Subsidies --- Government Subsidy --- Hill Burton Act --- Public Financing --- Subsidy, Government --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Assistance, Public --- Indemnity --- Insurance Premiums --- Insurance Premium --- Premium, Insurance --- Premiums, Insurance --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Measurements, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiologic Measurement --- Measurement, Epidemiologic --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Age Group --- Group, Age --- Groups, Age --- Analysis, Cost --- Cost --- Cost Analysis --- Cost Comparison --- Cost Measures --- Cost-Minimization Analysis --- Costs and Cost Analyses --- Costs, Cost Analysis --- Pricing --- Analyses, Cost --- Analyses, Cost-Minimization --- Analysis, Cost-Minimization --- Comparison, Cost --- Comparisons, Cost --- Cost Analyses --- Cost Comparisons --- Cost Measure --- Cost Minimization Analysis --- Cost, Cost Analysis --- Cost-Minimization Analyses --- Costs --- Measure, Cost --- Measures, Cost --- Group Health Insurance --- Health Insurance --- Health Insurance, Voluntary --- Health Insurance, Group --- Insurance, Group Health --- Insurance, Voluntary Health --- Voluntary Health Insurance --- Assistance, Medical --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Adults --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Service, Health --- Constitutional Amendments --- Laws and Statutes --- Legislation, Health --- Model Legislation --- Population Law --- Statutes and Laws --- Health Legislation --- Amendment, Constitutional --- Amendments, Constitutional --- Constitutional Amendment --- Law, Population --- Laws, Population --- Legislation, Model --- Population Laws --- Accounting, Demographic --- Analyses, Demographic --- Analyses, Multiregional --- Analysis, Period --- Brass Technic --- Brass Technique --- Demographers --- Demographic Accounting --- Demographic Analysis --- Demographic Factor --- Demographic Factors --- Demographic Impact --- Demographic Impacts --- Demographic Survey --- Demographic Surveys --- Demographic and Health Surveys --- Demographics --- Demography, Historical --- Demography, Prehistoric --- Factor, Demographic --- Factors, Demographic --- Family Reconstitution --- Historical Demography --- Impact, Demographic --- Impacts, Demographic --- Multiregional Analysis --- Period Analysis --- Population Spatial Distribution --- Prehistoric Demography --- Reverse Survival Method --- Stable Population Method --- Survey, Demographic --- Surveys, Demographic --- Population Distribution --- Analyses, Period --- Analysis, Demographic --- Analysis, Multiregional --- Demographer --- Demographic Analyses --- Demographies, Historical --- Demographies, Prehistoric --- Distribution, Population --- Distribution, Population Spatial --- Distributions, Population --- Distributions, Population Spatial --- Family Reconstitutions --- Historical Demographies --- Method, Reverse Survival --- Method, Stable Population --- Methods, Reverse Survival --- Methods, Stable Population --- Multiregional Analyses --- Period Analyses --- Population Distributions --- Population Methods, Stable --- Population Spatial Distributions --- Prehistoric Demographies --- Reconstitution, Family --- Reconstitutions, Family --- Reverse Survival Methods --- Spatial Distribution, Population --- Spatial Distributions, Population --- Stable Population Methods --- Technic, Brass --- Technique, Brass --- PL93-641 --- Public Law 93-641 --- Health and Welfare Planning --- National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 --- Planning, Health and Welfare --- State Health Planning, United States --- Planning, Health --- Public Law 93 641 --- Health Insurance for Aged, Disabled, Title 18 --- Health Insurance for Aged, Title 18 --- Health Insurance for Aged and Disabled, Title 18 --- Insurance, Health, for Aged and Disabled --- Elderly --- Level of Health --- Health Level --- Health Levels --- Status, Health --- Health Services for Aged --- Health Services for the Elderly --- Health Services, Geriatric --- Geriatric Health Services --- Geriatric Health Service --- Health Service, Geriatric --- Service, Geriatric Health --- Services, Geriatric Health --- Expenditures --- Expenditures, Direct --- Expenditures, Indirect --- Expenditures, Out-of-Pocket --- Out-of Pocket Expenditures --- Out-of-Pocket Costs --- Out-of-Pocket Expenses --- Out-of-Pocket Payments --- Out-of-Pocket Spending --- Expenditures, Health --- Cost, Out-of-Pocket --- Costs, Out-of-Pocket --- Direct Expenditure --- Direct Expenditures --- Expenditure --- Expenditure, Direct --- Expenditure, Health --- Expenditure, Indirect --- Expenditure, Out-of Pocket --- Expenditure, Out-of-Pocket --- Expenditures, Out of Pocket --- Expenditures, Out-of Pocket --- Expense, Out-of-Pocket --- Expenses, Out-of-Pocket --- Health Expenditure --- Indirect Expenditure --- Indirect Expenditures --- Out of Pocket Costs --- Out of Pocket Expenditures --- Out of Pocket Expenses --- Out of Pocket Payments --- Out of Pocket Spending --- Out-of Pocket Expenditure --- Out-of-Pocket Cost --- Out-of-Pocket Expenditure --- Out-of-Pocket Expenditures --- Out-of-Pocket Expense --- Out-of-Pocket Payment --- Payment, Out-of-Pocket --- Payments, Out-of-Pocket --- Spending, Out-of-Pocket --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Public Policy --- Health Legislation as Topic --- Planning Techniques --- Geriatrics --- Longevity --- Frail Elderly --- Health Care Costs --- Life History Traits --- Genetics, Population --- Affordability --- Affordabilities --- Health Status. --- Aged. --- Health Planning. --- Population Dynamics. --- trends. --- economics. --- United States. --- General Health --- General Health Level --- General Health Status --- Overall Health --- Overall Health Status --- General Health Levels --- Health Level, General --- Health Status, General --- Health Status, Overall --- Health, General --- Health, Overall --- Level, General Health --- Levels, General Health --- Status, General Health --- Status, Overall Health

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Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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"Air pollution is harmful to human health, but little is known about the costs of pollution-related health care. If such care imposes a significant burden on insurance companies and employers, they would have substantial stakes in improving air quality. Reduced medical spending could also benefit public programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. This study estimated the amount of medical spending by private health insurers and public purchasers, such as Medicare, that is related to air pollution. Specifically, the authors determined how much failing to meet air quality standards cost various purchasers of hospital care in California over 2005-2007. The results indicate that substantial reductions in hospital spending can be achieved through reductions in air pollution."--Provided by publisher

Air --- Hospitals --- Medical care, Cost of --- Air Pollution --- Economics, Hospital. --- Pollution --- Health aspects --- Economic aspects --- Cost of operation. --- adverse effects. --- economics.

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Personalized and precision medicine (PPM)-the targeting of therapies according to an individual's genetic, environmental, or lifestyle characteristics-is becoming an increasingly important approach in health care treatment and prevention. The advancement of PPM is a challenge in traditional clinical, reimbursement, and regulatory landscapes because it is costly to develop and introduces a wide range of scientific, clinical, ethical, and socioeconomic issues. PPM raises a multitude of economic issues, including how information on accurate diagnosis and treatment success will be disseminated and who will bear the cost; changes to physician training to incorporate genetics, probability and statistics, and economic considerations; questions about whether the benefits of PPM will be confined to developed countries or will diffuse to emerging economies with less developed health care systems; the effects of patient heterogeneity on cost-effectiveness analysis; and opportunities for PPM's growth beyond treatment of acute illness, such as prevention and reversal of chronic conditions. This volume explores the intersection of the scientific, clinical, and economic factors affecting the development of PPM, including its effects on the drug pipeline, on reimbursement of PPM diagnostics and treatments, and on funding of the requisite underlying research; and it examines recent empirical applications of PPM.

Pharmacogenetics. --- Personalized medicine --- Economic aspects --- genetic testing. --- insurance coverage. --- personalized medicine. --- screening. --- stratified medicine. --- tailored medicine. --- targeted medicine.