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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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"The authors assess the effects of private capital and independent regulatory agencies on telecommunications performance by using cross-country panel data from 1990 to 2003. In general, they find that having independent regulatory agencies positively affects affordability and labor productivity, but negatively affects quality. Having private capital positively affects access, quality, and labor productivity, but negatively affects affordability. However, reform policies affect industrial and developing countries differently in some cases. The authors also find that governance plays an important role as it affects performance and interacts with reform policies. "--World Bank web site.

Telecommunication policy --- Telecommunication

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This paper shows empirically that "privatization" in the energy, telecommunications, and water sectors, and the introduction of independent regulators in those sectors, have not always had the expected effects on access, affordability, or quality of services. It also shows that corruption leads to adjustments in the quantity, quality, and price of services consistent with the profit-maximizing behavior that one would expect from monopolies in the sector. The results suggest that privatization and the introduction of independent regulators have, at best, only partial effects on the consequences of corruption for access, affordability, and quality of utility services.

Data --- Data Analysis --- Databases --- E-Business --- Electricity --- Emerging Markets --- Energy --- Energy Production and Transportation --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Information --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Regulation --- International Telecommunications --- Mobile Phones --- Performance --- Performance Indicators --- Poverty Monitoring and Analysis --- Poverty Reduction --- Price --- Prices --- Private Sector --- Private Sector Development --- Private Sector Participation --- Prof Profits --- Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures --- Public Sector Economics and Finance --- Quality of Services --- Result --- Results --- Social Accountability --- Social Development --- Technology --- Telecommunications --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Sanitation

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This paper evaluates the short-term causal effects of a high-quality, intensive, part-time computer coding bootcamp for women on skill acquisition and employment outcomes. Spots were offered in an oversubscribed coding course to a random subset of applicants in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Bogota, Colombia. The applicants who were chosen received a scholarship that covered most of the tuition costs of the course. Follow-up data collected shortly after the bootcamp endedindicate that the program increased participants' coding skills, as well as their probability of finding a job in technology. Compared with other jobs, technology jobs are more likely to offer flexible hours and work-from-home arrangements, and generate higher job satisfaction. These results are interpreted as an improvement in overall job quality. Moreover, the paper compares the employment situation of the sample before and during the first months of the COVID-19 outbreak. The evidence indicates that the program increased participants' resilience to a downturn in the labor market.

Computer Science Education --- Employment --- Employment and Unemployment --- Gender --- Gender and Education --- Gender Informatics --- Labor Markets --- Skills Development --- Skills Development and Labor Force Training --- Social Protections and Labor --- Stem --- Technology