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"Antitrust enforcement has long been focused on price competition-approving or denying mergers based on whether or not it would create or reduce opportunities for consumers to be able to "shop around" for the lowest prices when it comes to internet access, cable subscriptions, airfare, and so on. It is relatively easy to evaluate price impacts-these are qualitative measures and economic theory presents many tools to be able to do so. However, the impact of antitrust policy on innovation is much less well known, and harder to study. Was Microsoft abusing a monopoly by bundling a web browser with its operating system? Would a merger of Genzyme and Novazyme, the only companies with active research and development programs for Pompe Disease promote or delay a cure for this fatal genetic disorder? Is Google's search engine good for consumers or not? This book collects the current state of knowledge about the relationships between market structure, firm behavior, and the production of new products and services, all to provide a clear picture of the challenges of making and enforcing antitrust policy in the digital era. Gilbert addresses the ways in which legal precedents established in the twentieth century no longer hold up in the twenty-first, complicates existing theories by Schumpeter and Arrow about competition, and attempts to make meaning out of the conflicting empirical literature surrounding mergers. Gilbert does not shy away from making recommendations. A few examples: In cases where one firm acquires a competitor, he calls for antitrust enforcement officials and courts to pay more attention to whether acquired firms are successful innovators. In some cases, an incumbent acquiring a new entrant does stymy innovation as there are then fewer firms operating in the same space, but in other cases, people launch start-ups with the hopes of getting bought out by a competitor, and so prohibiting acquisition of a competing firm could limit the number of innovative new companies that are launched. He also discusses the role of interoperability standards in promoting innovation on the one hand, through the economies of scale allowable by knowing that components developed can be used across a number of devices, but also its role in limiting innovation when dominant firms coalesce around a standard that is unreachable by competitors. Gilbert's main argument is that existing antitrust law is flexible enough to be relevant in the digital era, but courts must stop focusing almost exclusively on questions of price and consider a broader range of questions regarding competition and innovation"--

High technology industries. --- Competition. --- Antitrust law --- Consolidation and merger of corporations --- Economic aspects. --- Law and legislation --- Acquisition of corporations --- Acquisitions and mergers --- Amalgamation of corporations --- Business combinations --- Business mergers --- Buyouts, Corporate --- Corporate acquisitions --- Corporate buyouts --- Corporate mergers --- Corporate takeovers --- Corporations --- Fusion of corporations --- Hostile takeovers of corporations --- M & A (Mergers and acquisitions of corporations) --- Merger of corporations --- Mergers and acquisitions of corporations --- Mergers, Corporate --- Takeovers, Corporate --- Corporate reorganizations --- Golden parachutes (Executive compensation) --- Industrial concentration --- Trusts, Industrial --- Anti-trust law --- Competition --- Competition law --- Commercial law --- Trade regulation --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Industries --- Consolidation --- Mergers --- Law --- Economic aspects --- competition --- innovation --- antitrust --- mergers --- acquisitions --- research and development --- R&D --- monopoly --- antitrust policy --- Google --- Microsoft --- European Commission --- Justice Department --- FTC --- Arrow --- Schumpeter --- ECONOMICS/Industrial Organization --- BUSINESS/Innovation

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Regulatory Choices offers the first comprehensive economic history of energy policy and its consequences for California, where some of the most innovative and far-ranging programs of regulatory reform have originated. The authors of this volume have gathered together an impressive wealth of material about actual policy decisions and their repercussions and have subjected their findings to astute economic analysis. This book will serve for years to come as an invaluable reference on the costs and effects of various energy policies. With its focus on bringing prices in alignment with the true cost of producing power and delivering it to the customer, the first part of the book outlines the issue of setting utility rates and considers some of the proposals to provide regulated industries with incentives to respond to economic and environmental concerns. The problems of energy supply occupy the second part of the book, which includes a survey of the costs of alternative energy sources and estimates of their environmental impacts, as well as a case study of the construction of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant. The book concludes by documenting the results of subsidy programs that were designed to target the development of wind power and residential energy conservation. Regulators, we learn, have a mixed record when it comes to managing the production of energy. Some conservation programs have enjoyed considerable economic success, particularly those that correct a lack of consumer information. Others, such as the renewable energy tax credits or programs designed to subsidize new technologies, have cost much more than the value of the energy they have saved. What emerges clearly from this study is that regulated industries are not immune from the forces of competition. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1991.

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Food Contamination --- Food Handling --- Foodborne Diseases

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Industrial concentration --- Barriers to entry (Industrial organization) --- Competition --- AA / International- internationaal --- 380.22 --- 303.8 --- 338.048 --- 338.040 --- Concurrentie. Monopolie, duopolie, oligopolie. --- Econometrische behandeling van een onderwerp. --- Fusies van ondernemingen. Industriële concentratie. --- Ondernemingen: algemeenheden. --- Competition. --- Industrial concentration. --- Barriers to entry (Industrial organization). --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- Combinations, Industrial --- Concentration, Industrial --- Economic concentration --- Big business --- Duopolies --- Oligopolies --- Consolidation and merger of corporations --- Industrial organization --- Entry, Barriers to (Industrial organization) --- Industrial organization (Economic theory) --- Restraint of trade --- Trade regulation --- Diversification in industry --- Econometrische behandeling van een onderwerp --- Ondernemingen: algemeenheden --- Fusies van ondernemingen. Industriële concentratie --- Concurrentie. Monopolie, duopolie, oligopolie --- Economic aspects --- ORGANISATION INDUSTRIELLE --- BARRIERE A L'ENTREE --- CONCENTRATION INDUSTRIELLE --- CONCURRENCE

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Economic conditions. Economic development --- United States --- AA / International- internationaal --- 330.2 --- 331.31 --- Economische analyse en research. Theorie van de informatie. --- Economisch beleid. --- Economics --- Economisch beleid --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Economische analyse en research. Theorie van de informatie --- United States of America