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The spectrum of occupational and environmental diseases has changed markedly during the past decade. Pneumoconiosis is still a common cause of chronic lung disease but the concept has evolved to encompass reactions of the lung to chemicals and organic or inorganic dust. Furthermore, new industrial processes have led to the production and use of a wide range of chemicals, metals, and alloys, an increasing number of which, including man-made organic particles, are reported to cause interstitial lung disease in exposed workers. Thus, while the workforce in coal mining and asbestos handling has decreased, new groups of workers are at risk of exposure to large amounts of mineral and metallic dusts that may induce pneumoconiosis. This well-illustrated book, written by internationally acclaimed experts, provides an up-to-date and comprehensive approach to modern imaging of environmental and occupational diseases of the chest. The first part of the book addresses the basic knowledge required to understand imaging in this context, while the second focuses on the imaging results achieved in a variety of specific disorders. There is particular emphasis on the role of thin-section computed tomography since this technique facilitates the detection of early subclinical abnormalities.

Occupational diseases --- Environmentally induced diseases --- Chest --- Diagnosis. --- Imaging. --- Diseases --- Environmental aspects. --- Thorax, Human --- Thorax (Zoology) --- Viscera --- Clinical ecology --- Environmental illness --- Environmental health --- Medical geography --- Environmental aspects --- Causes and theories of causation --- Radiology, Medical. --- Pneumology. --- Medicine, Industrial. --- Imaging / Radiology. --- Diagnostic Radiology. --- Pneumology/Respiratory System. --- Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine. --- Industrial medicine --- Medicine, Occupational --- Occupational medicine --- Medicine --- Clinical radiology --- Radiology, Medical --- Radiology (Medicine) --- Medical physics --- Radiology. --- Respiratory organs—Diseases. --- Occupational medicine. --- Radiological physics --- Physics --- Radiation --- Respiratory organs --- Occupational health services. --- Occupational Health. --- Diseases. --- Employee health services --- Medical care --- Medicine, Industrial --- Respiratory diseases

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The number of computed tomography (CT) examinations has increased continuously since 1980 for a variety of reasons, including new indications and growth in the number of CT units. Beyond its use in adults with suspected malignancies and other conditions, CT is now used in young patients, including children, who are suffering from benign diseases and have a long life expectancy. The consequence of this trend is that CT, and in particular multidetector row CT (MDCT), is now responsible for about two-thirds of the total radiation dose delivered to the population for diagnostic purposes. Because of the associated radiation dose, CT may induce cancers, and the risk of death has been estimated at up to one per 1,000 CT examinations. Even if the balance between the risks related to ionizing radiation and the benefits from an accurate diagnosis provided by CT scanning has always been considered highly positive, it is now mandatory to reduce and/or to optimize the radiation dose. Referring clinicians, radiologists, and technologists should therefore all understand the mechanisms that determine the radiation risk, but it has been shown that only a small proportion of these professionals are aware of both the radiation risks and their underlying mechanisms. This book is designed to rectify this situation. The first part of the book provides a comprehensive approach to all the factors that influence the radiation dose and subsequently the risk induced by using MDCT in children and adult patients. In the second part, guidelines are proposed for optimization of the radiation dose in order to obtain an image quality sufficient for appropriate diagnostic performance while restricting the dose delivered. The authors are experts of international standing, selected for their acknowledged scientific contributions. This book will appeal to both general and specialized radiologists, including pediatric radiologists, CT technologists, physicists, manufacturers, and all professionals involved in MDCT.

Tomography, Emission. --- Radiation --- Dosage. --- Nuclear engineering --- Radiotherapy --- Computerized emission tomography --- Emission tomography --- PET (Tomography) --- PET-CT (Tomography) --- Positron emission tomography --- Positron emission transaxial tomography --- Radionuclide tomography --- Scintigraphy, Tomographic --- Tomography, Radionuclide --- Diagnosis --- Diagnostic imaging --- Positrons --- Radioisotope scanning --- Safety measures --- Measurement --- Physiological effect --- Data processing --- Emission --- Radiology, Medical. --- Pediatrics. --- Internal medicine. --- Imaging / Radiology. --- Diagnostic Radiology. --- Neuroradiology. --- Internal Medicine. --- Medicine, Internal --- Medicine --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Children --- Clinical radiology --- Radiology, Medical --- Radiology (Medicine) --- Medical physics --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene --- Radiology. --- Neuroradiography --- Neuroradiology --- Nervous system --- Radiological physics --- Physics --- Radiography.