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During the Great Depression, black intellectuals, labor organizers, and artists formed the National Negro Congress (NNC) to demand a ""second emancipation"" in America. Over the next decade, the NNC and its offshoot, the Southern Negro Youth Congress, sought to coordinate and catalyze local antiracist activism into a national movement to undermine the Jim Crow system of racial and economic exploitation. In this pioneering study, Erik S. Gellman shows how the NNC agitated for the first-class citizenship of African Americans and all members of the working class, establishing civil rights as nece

African Americans --- Civil rights movements --- Race discrimination --- Bias, Racial --- Discrimination, Racial --- Race bias --- Racial bias --- Racial discrimination --- Discrimination --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- History --- Civil rights --- Segregation --- Southern Negro Youth Congress --- National Negro Congress (U.S.) --- SNYC --- NNC --- History. --- United States --- Race relations --- Black people

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Black Power at Work chronicles the history of direct action campaigns to open up the construction industry to black workers in the 1960's and 1970's. The book's case studies of local movements in Brooklyn, Newark, the Bay Area, Detroit, Chicago, and Seattle show how struggles against racism in the construction industry shaped the emergence of Black Power politics outside the U.S. South. In the process, "community control" of the construction industry-especially government War on Poverty and post-rebellion urban reconstruction projects- became central to community organizing for black economic self-determination and political autonomy. The history of Black Power's community organizing tradition shines a light on more recent debates about job training and placement for unemployed, underemployed, and underrepresented workers. Politicians responded to Black Power protests at federal construction projects by creating modern affirmative action and minority set-aside programs in the late 1960's and early 1970's, but these programs relied on "voluntary" compliance by contractors and unions, government enforcement was inadequate, and they were not connected to jobs programs. Forty years later, the struggle to have construction jobs serve as a pathway out of poverty for inner city residents remains an unfinished part of the struggle for racial justice and labor union reform in the United States.

Civil rights movements --- Black power --- Labor movement --- Affirmative action programs --- Construction workers --- African American labor union members. --- African American construction workers. --- Labor unions --- Afro-American construction workers --- Construction workers, African American --- African American members of labor unions --- Afro-American labor union members --- Labor union members, African American --- Labor union members --- Construction industry --- Labor and laboring classes --- Social movements --- African Americans --- African American membership --- Employees --- Civil rights --- Economic conditions --- African American construction workers --- African American labor union members --- E-books