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It has been eight years since An Introduction to the Grammar of English was first published. The second edition is completely revised and greatly expanded, especially where texts, example sentences, exercises, and cartoons are concerned. It continues to provide a very lively and clearly written textbook. The book introduces basic concepts of grammar in a format which inspires the reader to use linguistic arguments. The style of the book is engaging and examples from poetry, jokes, and puns illustrate grammatical concepts. The focus is on syntactic analysis and evidence. However, special topic sections contribute sociolinguistic and historical reasons behind prescriptive rules such as the bans on split infinitives, dangling participles, and preposition stranding. The book is written for undergraduate students and structured for a semester-long course. It provides exercises, keys to those exercises, and sample exams. It also includes a comprehensive glossary. A basic website will be kept up at http://www.public.asu.edu/~gelderen/grammar.htm.

Historical linguistics --- English language --- Grammar --- Sociolinguistics --- Grammar, Historical --- Social aspects --- Syntax --- Grammar. --- Grammar, Historical. --- Social aspects. --- Syntax. --- Analysis and parsing --- Diagraming --- Composition and exercises --- Germanic languages --- English language - Grammar --- English language - Grammar, Historical --- English language - Social aspects --- English language - Syntax

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The English language in its complex shapes and forms changes fast. This thoroughly revised edition has been refreshed with current examples of change and has been updated regarding archeological research. Most suggestions brought up by users and reviewers have been incorporated, for instance, a family tree for Germanic has been added, Celtic influence is highlighted much more, there is more on the origin of Chancery English, and internal and external change are discussed in much greater detail. The philosophy of the revised book remains the same with an emphasis on the linguis

Historical linguistics --- English language --- History. --- History --- Germanic languages --- English language - History --- English language - History - Problems, exercises, etc.

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This book provides much detail on the changes involving the grammaticalization of personal and relative pronouns, topicalized nominals, complementizers, adverbs, prepositions, modals, perception verbs, and aspectual markers. It accounts for these changes in terms of two structural economy principles. Head Preference expresses that single words, i.e. heads, are used to build structures rather than full phrases, and Late Merge states that waiting as late as possible to merge, i.e. be added to the structure, is preferred over movement. The book also discusses grammar-external processes (e.g. prescriptivist rules) that inhibit change, and innovations that replenish the grammaticalized element. Most of the changes involve the (extended) CP and IP: as elements grammaticalize clause boundaries disappear. Cross-linguistic differences exist as to whether the CP, IP, and VP are all present and split and this is formulated as the Layer Principle. Changes involving the CP are typically brought about by Head Preference, whereas those involving the IP and VP by Late Merge.

Grammar --- LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES --- Linguistics / General --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Economy (Linguistics) --- Linguistic change --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Historical linguistics --- Language and languages --- Efficiency (Linguistics) --- Linguistic economy --- Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammaticalization --- Linguistic change. --- Grammaticalization.

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This exceptionally clear text focuses on internal changes in the English language. It outlines the history of English from pre-Old English times to the present. Not only does it present the traditional morphological descriptions of the various stages of the language, it provides many example sentences, texts, and cartoons that are analyzed for the benefit of the student and which make this book ideal for class use. Some language-external topics are covered such as early printing and authorship debates. Tables and figures complement the material covered and exercises review the main points as well as ask further, more challenging, questions. Answers to the exercises are provided, as is a time line listing some of the external events, and some guidance on how to use the OED. Complementary web site information is provided throughout the book, and a companion web site accompanies the book.

English language --- History --- Historical linguistics --- 802.0-02 --- 802.0 --- 802.0 Engels. Engelse taalkunde --- Engels. Engelse taalkunde --- 802.0-02 Engels. Engelse taalkunde--?-02 --- Engels. Engelse taalkunde--?-02 --- Germanic languages --- History. --- English language - History --- English language - History - Problems, exercises, etc. --- ANGLAIS (LANGUE) --- HISTOIRE --- PROBLEMES, EXERCICES, ETC

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This book is about what the 'lack' of agreement indicates about the structure of language. Rather than assuming that mistakes occur in languages, disagreement can be seen as an indication of a certain structural relationship. In a Minimalist framework, the partial agreement or complete lack of agreement is determined by when checking of case and agreement takes place and with what nominal element. Earlier work has shown that there may be variation regarding the number of functional categories a language activates. If that account is correct, languages with fewer functional categories (Dutch and Old English) will also have fewer specifiers and therefore less Spec-Head agreement. In these cases, government will play a role in the checking of case and agreement. There are, however, other reasons for the 'breakdown'. For instance, expletives play a major role and they may only be specified for some features (number or person) and when they agree with the verb, the 'real' subject does not. Two additional reasons are discussed: the impact from grammaticalization and from asymmetrical (e.g. coordinate) structures. The focus is on Modern, Old and Middle English and Dutch, but other Germanic languages (German, Swedish, Yiddish), Romance languages (Catalan, French, Italian, Spanish), Arabic, Chamorro, Hebrew, Hopi, Kirundi, O'odham, Navajo, and Urdu/Hindi are discussed as well.

Grammar --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Agreement --- Minimalist theory (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Generative grammar. --- Grammar, Generative --- Grammar, Transformational --- Grammar, Transformational generative --- Transformational generative grammar --- Transformational grammar --- Psycholinguistics --- Generative grammar --- Agreement (Grammar) --- Concord (Grammar) --- Agreement. --- Derivation --- Concord --- Case --- Gender --- Number --- Person --- Syntax --- Linguistics --- Philology