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This book identifies 'missing institutions' as a major reason for the often patchy implementation of structural reform policies. In most African countries the labour force is growing faster than new jobs, leading to increased informalization of the economy. Case studies concentrate on Kenya, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi, where less than ten per cent of the labour force work in the formal sector, as compared with some twenty to forty per cent in the 1960s. Public sector workers have been reduced but there have not been enough jobs to compensate in the rest of the formal sector. The education and training institutions also have difficulties in providing skills for the restructured markets.

Labor market --- Labor economics --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Africa, Eastern --- Africa, Southern --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions.