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Gasper examines whether drug use and delinquency contribute to early school leaving and whether the effects differ for poor and middle-class youth. Results suggest that drug use and delinquency add little to explanations of dropout. Rather, drug use, delinquency, and dropout are driven by a process of precocious development rooted in early school failure. Driven by a fundamental dissatisfaction with school, precocious teens are more likely to use drugs, take on a job outside of school, and leave school without a diploma in an effort to gain independence. Dropout prevention should start in midd

High school dropouts --- Problem youth --- Juvenile delinquency --- At-risk youth (Social sciences) --- Maladjusted youth --- Troubled youth --- Youth at risk (Social sciences) --- Youth --- Secondary school dropouts --- Dropouts --- High school students --- Social conditions --- Drug use --- Youth with behavior disorders --- At-risk youth