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Background Increased incidence of malignant melanomas developing de novo after transplantation is already established and many risk factors are found. Outcomes considering these melanomas are not fully explored and need further investigation. Objective The aim of this narrative review was to investigate overall survival (OS) and melanoma specific mortality (MSM) of melanomas that developed de novo after solid organ transplantation (SOT) when compared to immunocompetent patients with a diagnosis of melanoma. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed to identify studies reporting on melanomas developed de novo after transplantation and their outcome. Results Of the six articles included, all except one found a worse OS for melanomas developed de novo after transplantation when compared to melanomas in immunocompetent patients. MSM was also increased in these five studies, but not for every Clark level, Breslow thickness or the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging. Conclusion A worse overall survival can be expected in the organ transplant recipient (OTR) population that developed melanomas de novo. There is still much heterogeneity in MSM adjusted for Breslow thickness, AJCC staging and Clark level, with no clear-cut answers. Prospective studies are needed to further clarify MSM in the OTR population that developed melanomas de novo.

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ABSTRACT Background: Porocarcinoma is a rare cutaneous tumor that originates from sweat glands with a high mortality risk. Because this tumor is so uncommon, little is known about its origin, clinical appearance, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Up till now, no thorough review is published on all these characteristics of porocarcinoma. Objectives: This narrative review aims to give an overview of the recent literature on porocarcinoma. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are discussed. Methods: A systematic search, restricted to articles published between the first of April 2012 and the 31st of March 2022, was conducted in Pubmed and Embase to identify the literature on porocarcinoma. After screening, a total of 22 reviews were included. Results: Patients affected by porocarcinoma are commonly more than 60 years old, seemingly without any preference for other epidemiological subgroups. It usually presents as an ulcerating nodule or plaque, often on the lower extremities, head, and neck. Clinical presentation and histology are very variable, commonly leading to a difficult diagnosis and diagnostic delay with devastating consequences. Treatment usually consists of wide local excision or Mohs micrographic surgery. The role of tumor staging and systemic therapy is not clear, although clarification is needed since the recurrence rate after surgical treatment is 20-35% and the mortality is approximately 70% when lymph nodes are involved. Conclusion: Further and larger scale research is needed on all aspects of porocarcinoma to better understand this malignancy and ultimately improve the outcome of patients.

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Background – Loss-of-function events in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) contribute to the development and progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Genetic (e.g. deletion) and epigenetic (e.g. promotor CpG-island hypermethylation) alterations are the major mechanisms of TSG inactivation. TSGs are valuable in diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. The large amount of evidence about TSG inactivation mechanisms and its role in melanoma demands a clear overview. Objective – The aim of this narrative review is to outline bona fide TSGs affected by deletion or promotor CpG-island hypermethylation and their functional role in CMM. Methods – We conducted a systematic literature search to identify studies providing evidence of bona fide TSGs by cell line or animal experiments. We performed a broad first search and a gene-specific second search, supplemented by reference checking. Results – We included 52 studies describing 41 bona fide TSGs in CMM; 25 affected by promotor CpG- island hypermethylation, 8 by deletion and 8 by both. We extracted data about protein role, pathway, experiments conducted to meet the bona fide criteria and hallmarks of cancer acquired by TSG inactivation. If required, we combined these studies with articles focusing on TSG expression and inactivation mechanisms in CMM. Conclusion – A total of 41 bona fide TSGs hypermethylated or deleted in CMM were identified as well as their effect on cell proliferation, apoptosis, growth, senescence, angiogenesis, migration, invasion or metastasis. Future animal or cell line experiments with candidate TSGs, research on inactivation mechanisms of bona fide TSGs and reviews on TSGs affected by other (epi)genetic inactivation mechanisms would be complementary to our study.

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Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with numerous comorbidities. This skin disorder has been shown to increase cardiovascular risk, atherothrombotic events and hypercoagulability. It has been reported that psoriasis patients have an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) comprises pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Objectives: This systematic review aims to give an overview of the reported incidence of VTE in patients with psoriasis. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of observational studies. A systematic research was accomplished to identify all relevant articles. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane. Only English literature was included. Additionally, reference lists of included articles were hand searched. Results: Eight articles were included in the review. Due to heterogeneity of the reported data it was deemed inappropriate by the authors to perform a meta-analysis. A clear trend towards increased incidence rate of VTE in psoriasis patients was observed, however not always significant. In adjusted models this trend was also observed. Conclusion: Existing literature suggests that psoriasis patients have an increased risk of developing VTE compared to healthy controls. Clinicians should be aware of this potentially life-threatening comorbidity.