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The series Structure and Bonding publishes critical reviews on topics of research concerned with chemical structure and bonding. The scope of the series spans the entire Periodic Table and addresses structure and bonding issues associated with all of the elements. It also focuses attention on new and developing areas of modern structural and theoretical chemistry such as nanostructures, molecular electronics, designed molecular solids, surfaces, metal clusters and supramolecular structures. Physical and spectroscopic techniques used to determine, examine and model structures fall within the purview of Structure and Bonding to the extent that the focus is on the scientific results obtained and not on specialist information concerning the techniques themselves. Issues associated with the development of bonding models and generalizations that illuminate the reactivity pathways and rates of chemical processes are also relevant. The individual volumes in the series are thematic. The goal of each volume is to give the reader, whether at a university or in industry, a comprehensive overview of an area where new insights are emerging that are of interest to a larger scientific audience. Thus each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years should be presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. A description of the physical basis of the experimental techniques that have been used to provide the primary data may also be appropriate, if it has not been covered in detail elsewhere. The coverage need not be exhaustive in data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the new principles being developed that will allow the reader, who is not a specialist in the area covered, to understand the data presented. Discussion of possible future research directions in the area is welcomed. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research scientists at universities or in industry, graduate students Special offer For all customers who have a standing order to the print version of Structure and Bonding, we offer free access to the electronic volumes of the Series published in the current year via SpringerLink.

Chemistry. --- Inorganic Chemistry. --- Chemistry, inorganic. --- Chimie --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Inorganic Chemistry --- Inorganic chemistry. --- Inorganic chemistry --- Inorganic compounds --- Physical sciences --- Magnetism.

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Geospatial data --- Automated vehicles

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With the boom of the internet of things and the next generation of the automation industry, along with the imagination and expectation of convenient and intelligent future life, the demand for high-accuracy, low-latency indoor positioning systems is increasing day by day. However, the traditional outdoor positioning system cannot effectively cope with complex indoor situations. The low indoor accuracy made researchers looking for different proposals for indoor positioning. Therefore, indoor positioning systems have mushroomed. Many methods utilizing different technologies have been proposed. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ultra-Wide Band, ultrasound, infrared, visible light, and other technologies all see their application in the field of indoor positioning. Among all the competitors, Visible Light Positioning (VLP), which typically uses LEDs as transmitters, stands out for its high accuracy and low-cost hardware. For precise positioning, the accurate position of all LEDs must be known in advance. However, in reality, these conditions may not all be met. Thus, a calibration procedure is a must where the accurate knowledge of the location of the transmitters and their identifies are acquired and will be stored in a database. However, the traditional manual calibration procedure might be tedious, inefficient, and prone to error. To cope with the problems of manual measurements, some calibration procedures have been proposed using a robot for manual or automated calibration. Nevertheless, controlling a robot may be less convenient and less intuitive. Thus, this thesis proposes a new approach that simplifies the procedure to using only a smartphone, which was equipped with special hardware like a Time-of-Flight camera, offers surveyors more degrees of freedom, and makes the procedure more convenient and less costly. In this thesis, four LEDs modulated in four distinctive frequencies are used as the example VLP system to be calibrated. The outcome of this procedure is a map marked with the precise position and frequency of the LED. To achieve this, the map of the environment is built using RTAB-map, a simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm, and the frequency is measured based on the rolling shutter principle. The algorithm of the mapping of the light can be briefly explained by first find the position of the LED in the coordinate system of the mobile phone, then convert it to the map coordinate system. With this approach, the LED modulation frequency can be recovered with an accuracy of 20Hz and the position estimation error of the LED is around one decimeter. Additionally, the performance compared to the robot calibration approach and the user experience analysis are also discussed. Finally, this thesis also points out some shortcomings of the existing system and suggests corresponding improvements.

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