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Space research --- Astrophysics --- Geophysics --- Meteorology. Climatology --- astrofysica --- klimatologie --- meteorologie --- ruimte (astronomie) --- ruimtevaart --- geofysica
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After three decades of intense research in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, the time was ripe to summarize basic knowledge on X-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy for interested students and researchers ready to become involved in new high-energy missions. This volume exposes both the scientific basics and modern methods of high-energy spectroscopic astrophysics. The emphasis is on physical principles and observing methods rather than a discussion of particular classes of high-energy objects, but many examples and new results are included in the three chapters as well.
X-ray spectroscopy --- Gamma ray spectrometry --- Spectrometry, Gamma ray --- Angular correlations (Nuclear physics) --- Gamma rays --- Nuclear spectroscopy --- Radiochemistry --- Spectrometer --- Spectrum analysis --- Astronomy. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Astrophysics. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics
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This book presents the lectures notes of the 34th Saas-Fee Advanced Course "The Sun, Solar Analogs and the Climate" given by leading scientists in the field. Emphasis is on the observed variability of the Sun and the present understanding of the variability's origin as well as its impact on the Earth's climate. The solar variability is then studied in the broader context of solar-type stars, allowing for better understanding of the solar-activity cycle and the magnetic activity in general. This book provides an accessible and up-to-date introduction to the field for graduate students and serves as modern source of reference for active researchers in this field.
Space research --- Astrophysics --- Geophysics --- Meteorology. Climatology --- astrofysica --- klimatologie --- meteorologie --- ruimte (astronomie) --- ruimtevaart --- geofysica
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Solar storms can affect life on Earth, even though the Sun is a relatively quiet star. Earth sized planets are most easily found around M dwarfs, but these are in general more active than the Sun. This leads us to the question whether planets around such active stars can sustain a viable atmosphere or not. This thesis will look into the effects active stars have on different types of planets. There will be a focus on the habitability of the exoplanets and how this changes due to flares. This work makes use of two numerical codes to simulate the chemistry of these atmospheres. The first code ACE, determines the equilibrium distribution of chemical species throughout the different layers, according to pressure temperature profiles. This equilibrium profile is then passed to PAC, a a numerical solver for photo atmospheric chemistry. This code simulates the chemistry in the atmosphere under influence of a star. In this thesis the star must exhibit flares. To this end a new code FlaGen, was made to simulate flare behaviour based on statistics of observations and known relations between different parameters of flares. The simulated systems in this work comprise of: Earth orbiting an active Sun-like star, Earth orbiting TRAPPIST-1, TRAPPIST-1d with an Earth-like composition and TRAPPIST-1d with a Venus-like composition. These active stars were simulated for one year, erupting flares towards the planets. This resulted in many different reactions throughout the entire atmosphere. Due to the high energy of flares, photodissociation played a particularly important role. Though these changes were clear and significant, indicating that flares can strongly influence a planet’s atmosphere, certain questions remain unanswered. Specific species which have an important impact on habitability such as oxygen, water, methane and carbon dioxide, get depleted and enhanced over the course of a year, but their behaviour over even longer periods of time remains unclear.
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This book presents the lectures notes of the 34th Saas-Fee Advanced Course "The Sun, Solar Analogs and the Climate" given by leading scientists in the field. Emphasis is on the observed variability of the Sun and the present understanding of the variability’s origin as well as its impact on the Earth's climate. The solar variability is then studied in the broader context of solar-type stars, allowing for better understanding of the solar-activity cycle and the magnetic activity in general. This book provides an accessible and up-to-date introduction to the field for graduate students and serves as modern source of reference for active researchers in this field.
Solar oscillations --- Solar-terrestrial physics --- Solar terrestrial interactions --- Solar-terrestrial relations --- Sun-Earth connection --- Terrestrial-solar relations --- Geophysics --- Solar activity --- Astrophysics. --- Physical geography. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Geography --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Space sciences. --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Geophysics. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science
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