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The commonly accepted history of FM radio is one of the twentieth century’s iconic sagas of invention, heroism, and tragedy. Edwin Howard Armstrong created a system of wideband frequency-modulation radio in 1933. The Radio Corporation of America (RCA), convinced that Armstrong’s system threatened its AM empire, failed to develop the new technology and refused to pay Armstrong royalties. Armstrong sued the company at great personal cost. He died despondent, exhausted, and broke. But this account, according to Gary L. Frost, ignores the contributions of scores of other individuals who were involved in the decades-long struggle to realize the potential of FM radio. The first scholar to fully examine recently uncovered evidence from the Armstrong v. RCA lawsuit, Frost offers a thorough revision of the FM story. Frost’s balanced, contextualized approach provides a much-needed corrective to previous accounts. Navigating deftly through the details of a complicated story, he examines the motivations and interactions of the three communities most intimately involved in the development of the technology—Progressive-era amateur radio operators, RCA and Westinghouse engineers, and early FM broadcasters. In the process, Frost demonstrates the tension between competition and collaboration that goes hand in hand with the emergence and refinement of new technologies. Frost's study reconsiders both the social construction of FM radio and the process of technological evolution. Historians of technology, communication, and media will welcome this important reexamination of the canonic story of early FM radio.

Radio technology

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We often speak of how a particular phenomenon has “reached a tipping point” – when knowledge and practice have developed in plain sight and then suddenly explodes on scene as a revolution in our thinking. Gary Frost’s career with bookbinding, through his research, practice, and teaching, has been a series of such revolutions, and he has periodically named and defined how to evaluate and express the successive developments of the codex. The lynchpin in his work is ever the model – the why and how, generic, facsimile, or interpretive, material considerations and material compromises – all in the pursuit of an answer to these questions: What does the model tell us about book action in a given structure? What are the possibilities for adaptation? A Crafted Typology of the Codex is the summation of Frost’s thinking, writing, and teaching on book action expressed though modelmaking ... and it presents an exploration of codex chronology in both words and illustrations, and carries the ongoing discussion of the physical book into the electronic realm. --The Legacy Press

686.1 --- 686.1 Bookbinding --- Bookbinding --- Books --- Models.