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This book examines the criminalisation of denials of genocide and of other mass atrocities in Europe and discusses the implications of protecting institutional historical memory through criminal law. The analysis highlights the tensions with free speech, investigating the relationship between criminal law and historical memory. The book paves the way for a broader discussion about fake news, ‘post-truth’ scenarios, and free expression in a digital world. The author underscores the need to protect well-founded factual records from the dangers of misinformation. Historical denialism and the related jurisprudence represent a key step in exploring this complex field. The book combines an interdisciplinary approach with criminal law methodology. It is primarily aimed at academics, practitioners and others who wish to deepen their understanding of historical denialism, remembrance laws, ‘speech crimes’ and freedom of expression. Emanuela Fronza is Senior Research Fellow in Criminal Law and Lecturer in International and European Criminal Law at the School of Law, University of Bologna. She is a Principal Investigator within the EU research consortium Memory Laws in European and Comparative Perspectives funded by HERA (Humanities in the European Research Area).

Genocide. --- Law. --- Criminal law. --- Human rights. --- International humanitarian law. --- International criminal law. --- International law. --- International Criminal Law. --- Criminal Law. --- European Law. --- Human Rights. --- International Humanitarian Law, Law of Armed Conflict. --- Human Rights and Crime. --- Cleansing, Ethnic --- Ethnic cleansing --- Ethnic purification --- Ethnocide --- Purification, Ethnic --- Crime --- Criminology. --- International Criminal Law . --- Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law. --- Human Rights and Crime . --- Social sciences --- Criminals --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Crimes and misdemeanors --- Law, Criminal --- Penal codes --- Penal law --- Pleas of the crown --- Public law --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal procedure --- Study and teaching --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law—Europe. --- Criminal law, International --- ICL (International criminal law) --- Criminal law --- International law --- Criminal jurisdiction --- International crimes --- Humanitarian conventions --- International humanitarian law --- War (International law) --- Law --- Humanitarian law. --- Europe.

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International courts --- International crimes --- Criminal jurisdiction --- Tribunaux internationaux --- Droit international pénal --- Droit pénal international --- International Criminal Court --- International criminal courts. --- International offenses. --- Droit international pénal --- Droit pénal international --- International Criminal Court.

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"Les crimes contre l’humanité transcendent l’individu puisqu’en attaquant l’homme, est visée, est niée, l’Humanité. C’est l’identité de la victime, l’Humanité, qui marque la spécificité du crime contre l’humanité", affirmaient en 1997 les juges du Tribunal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie à l’appui de leur premier jugement. L’expression même de crime contre "l’humanité" distingue ce crime de tous les autres et souligne son extrême gravité. Mais, si grave soit-il, un crime ne constitue un crime contre l’humanité qu’à condition de comporter des éléments constitutifs précis et de s’inscrire dans une attaque généralisée ou systématique. Cet ouvrage propose d’éclairer cette dénomination pénale née à Nuremberg en analysant sa formation en droit international, puis les variations de sa réception au niveau national. Il en explore ainsi la richesse mais pointe aussi ses ambiguïtés au travers des applications passées et présentes, esquissant déjà les transformations à venir.

Crimes against humanity --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- International crimes

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Crimes against humanity --- Crimes contre l'humanité