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Sociology of law --- Law --- Sociological jurisprudence.

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34 <09> --- Rechtsgeschiedenis --(algemeen) --- Law --- History. --- 34 <09> Rechtsgeschiedenis --(algemeen) --- History --- History and criticism --- Droit --- Histoire

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Modern technology has radically and irretrievably altered our sense of identity and hence our social, political, and legal life, argues Lawrence M. Friedman in this bold new book. In traditional societies, he explains, relationships and identities were strongly vertical: there was a clear line of authority from top to bottom, and identity was fixed by one's birth or social position. But in modern society, identity and authority have become much more horizontal: people feel freer to choose who they are and to form relationships on a plane of equality.Friedman examines how modern life centers on human identity seen in terms of race, gender, ethnicity, and religion, and how this new way of defining oneself affects politics, social structure, and the law. Our horizontal society, he says, is the product of the mass media-in particular, television-which break down the isolation of traditional life and allow individuals to connect with like-minded others across barriers of space and time. As horizontal groups blossom, loyalties and allegiances to smaller groups fragment what seemed to be the unity of the larger nation. In addition, the media's ability to spread a global mass culture causes a breakdown of cultural isolation that leads to more immigration and heavy pressure on the laws and institutions of citizenship and immigration.

Group identity. --- Ethnicity. --- Social values. --- Social history --- Group identity --- Ethnicity --- Social values --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Social Change --- Collective identity --- Community identity --- Cultural identity --- Social identity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Collective memory --- Values --- Ethnic identity --- Cultural fusion --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural pluralism --- Descriptive sociology --- Social conditions --- History --- Sociology --- Social history.

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Laws and regulations are ubiquitous, touching on many aspects of individual and corporate behavior. But under what conditions are laws and rules actually effective? A huge amount of recent work in political science, sociology, economics, criminology, law, and psychology, among other disciplines, deals with this question. But these fields rarely inform one another, leaving the state of research disjointed and disorganized. Lawrence M. Friedman finds order in this cacophony. Impact gathers recent findings into one overarching analysis and lays the groundwork for a cohesive body of work in what Friedman labels “impact studies.” The first important factor that has a bearing on impact is communication. A rule or law has no effect if it never reaches its intended audience. The public’s fund of legal knowledge, the clarity of the law, and the presence of information brokers all influence the flow of information from lawmakers to citizens. After a law is communicated, subjects sometimes comply, sometimes resist, and sometimes adjust or evade. Three clusters of motives help shape which reaction will prevail: first, rewards and punishments; second, peer group influences; and third, issues of conscience, legitimacy, and morality. When all of these factors move in the same direction, law can have a powerful impact; when they conflict, the outcome is sometimes unpredictable.

Effectiveness and validity of law. --- Law --- Obedience (Law) --- Compliance. --- Sociological jurisprudence. --- Law and society --- Society and law --- Sociology of law --- Jurisprudence --- Sociology --- Law and the social sciences --- Compliant behavior --- Conformity --- Cooperativeness --- Psychology --- Legal obligation --- Obligation, Legal --- Obligation to obey the law --- Juridical psychology --- Juristic psychology --- Legal psychology --- Psychology, Juridical --- Psychology, Juristic --- Psychology, Legal --- Psychology, Applied --- Therapeutic jurisprudence --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Legislation --- Validity and effectiveness of law --- International law --- Social aspects. --- Psychological aspects. --- Philosophy

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