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The Human Genome Project, discoveries in molecular biology and new reproductive technologies have advanced our understanding of how genetic science may be used to treat persons with genetic disorders. Greater knowledge may also make possible genetic interventions to "enhance" normal human characteristics, such as height, hair or eye colour, strength, or memory, as well as the transmittal of such modifications to future generations. The prospect of inheritable genetic modifications, or IGMs, whether for therapeutic or enhancement purposes, raises complex scientific, ethical and regulatory issues. This volume presents 20 essays by physicians, scientists, philosophers, theologians, lawyers and policy analysts addressing these issues from diverse perspectives. In three sections, the authors discuss the short- and long-term scientific feasibility of IGM technology; ethical and religious issues related to safety, justice, morality, reproductive rights, and enhancement; and regulatory issues including the necessity of public input and oversight and the influence of commercialization. Their goal is to open a dialogue engaging not only scholars and scientists but also government officials and concerned citizens. The authors conclude that while IGM cannot be carried out safely and responsibly on humans utilizing current methods, it is important to begin public discussion now to determine whether, and if so how, to proceed. The prospect of inheritable genetic modifications for therapeutic or enhancement purposes raises complex scientific, ethical and regulatory issues. These 20 essays, by physicians, lawyers, theologians and others, address these issues from a variety of perspectives.

Bioethical Issues. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Genetic engineering --- Genetic engineering. --- Medical genetics. --- Public policy. --- Government policy --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- menselijk genoom --- gentherapie --- ethiek (ethische aspecten) --- godsdienst (religie, religieuze aspecten) --- génome humain --- thérapie génique --- ethique (aspects ethiques) --- religion (aspects religieux) --- Medical genetics --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Human genetics --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Genetic disorders --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Transgenic organisms --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Genetic aspects

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Organizational change --- Personnel management --- Moral and ethical aspects

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The shift to a market economy in post-communist Eastern Europe has had a profound impact on science and scientists across the region, leading to reforms in research management practices and to drastic cuts in funding levels everywhere. Many countries are moving to a system of competitive research grants awarded on the basis of peer review. The introduction of peer review is not simply a technical matter. It signifies a fundamental change in the social structure of science, enhancing profession-al autonomy and giving working scientists a voice in the allocation of resources. This book combines first-hand accounts of the reform process with analyses of the strengths and weaknesses of both peer review and quantitative indicators.

Research --- Peer review of research grant proposals --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Grant proposals, Peer review of --- Proposals for research grants, Peer review of --- Research grant proposals, Peer review of --- Review of research grant proposals, Peer --- Research grants --- Evaluation --- Finance --- Central and Eastern Europe, Ethics, Late 20th century, Postcommunism, Ranking, Science policy, US.