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In this bold approach to late antiquity, Garth Fowden shows how, from the second-century peak of Rome's prosperity to the ninth-century onset of the Islamic Empire's decline, powerful beliefs in One God were used to justify and strengthen "world empires." But tensions between orthodoxy and heresy that were inherent in monotheism broke the unitary empires of Byzantium and Baghdad into the looser, more pluralistic commonwealths of Eastern Christendom and Islam. With rare breadth of vision, Fowden traces this transition from empire to commonwealth, and in the process exposes the sources of major cultural contours that still play a determining role in Europe and southwest Asia.

Religion and civilization. --- Monotheism. --- Religion et civilisation --- Monothéisme --- Byzantine Empire --- Islamic Empire --- Rome --- Empire byzantin --- Empire islamique --- Civilization. --- Civilization --- Christian influences. --- Civilisation --- Influence chrétienne --- Rome (Italy) --- Monotheism --- Religion and civilization --- Civilization and religion --- God --- Pantheism --- Polytheism --- Religion --- Theism --- Trinity --- -Civilization --- -Rome --- Arab countries --- Arab Empire --- Empire, Islamic --- Middle East --- Muslim Empire --- -Christian influences. --- History --- Monothéisme --- Influence chrétienne --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Cywilizacja islamska --- Religia i kultura. --- Monoteizm. --- Rzym (państwo) --- Bizantyjskie, Cesarstwo --- cywilizacja. --- Abbasids. --- Arabia, southern. --- Baghdad. --- Buddhism. --- Caliphate. --- Cappadocia. --- Diocletian, Roman emperor. --- Edessa. --- Ethiopia. --- Ghassanid Arabs. --- Goths. --- Himyar. --- Iberia (Eastern Georgia). --- Indian Ocean. --- Islamic Empire. --- Jerusalem. --- Julian, Roman emperor. --- Kebra Nagast. --- Khusrau I, Sasanian emperor. --- Manichaeism. --- Mazdaism. --- Najran. --- Nestorianism. --- Ottomans. --- Romano-Iranian relations. --- Sasanian Empire. --- Spain. --- Umayyads. --- Zarathushtra. --- commonwealth. --- polytheism. --- Paganisme et christianisme

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Comparative religion --- Egypt --- -Civilization, Pagan --- Hermeticism --- Hermes Trismegistus --- Ermete, --- Hermes Mercurius, --- Hermès, --- Hermes Trismegistus. --- Mercurius, --- Thoth, --- Trismegistus, Hermes --- هرمس، --- -Corpus hermeticum --- -Hermeticism --- Hermès Trismégiste --- Hermetism --- Paganism --- 273.1*33 --- Occultism --- 273.1*33 Corpus hermeticum --- Corpus hermeticum --- Civilization, Pagan --- Heathenism --- Religions --- History --- Hermes, --- Religion. --- Religion --- Ermete Trimegisto --- Ermete Trismegisto --- Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus --- Hermès Trismégiste --- Hermes Trismegistos --- Mercurius Trismegistus --- Thoth --- Religion égyptienne --- Religion égyptienne --- Hermes, - Trismegistus --- Egypt - Religion --- Hermetisme

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Judaism, Christianity and Islam - the three scriptural monotheisms, still often studied separately - are here intertwined within a historical frame. The approach outlined in this lecture pivots around the Qur'an as it emerged in seventh-century Arabia on the peripheries of the two world-empires of Iran and Rome, and variously refracts rabbinic Judaism and patristic - especially Syriac - Christianity. The formation and exegesis of scriptural canons helps define the major religious communities and identities both before and after Muhammad. The latter part of the lecture concentrates on the interaction of these communities, and especially their scholars, in the Abbasid Baghdad of the ninth and tenth centuries, and on the theological and philosophical debates that flourished there. The lecture interrogates the newly fashionable concept of 'Abrahamic' religion and proposes a fresh historical periodization inclusive of both late antiquity and Islam, namely the First Millennium.

Religions --- Christianity and other religions --- Interreligious relations --- Relations among religions --- Relations. --- Islam. --- Abraham --- Abraham, --- Abram --- Abramo --- Abū al-Anbiyāʼ Ibrāhīm al-Khalīl --- Abŭraham --- Avraam --- Avraham --- Avram --- Halil-ül-Rahman İbrahim --- Ibrāhīm al-Khalīl --- Ibrahim --- İbrahim, --- Khalīl Allāh --- Nabi Ibrahim --- אברהם --- אברהם אבינו --- إبراهيم الخليل

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Abraham