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Climate change is today’s news, but it isn’t a new phenomenon. Centuries-long cycles of heating and cooling are well documented for Europe and the North Atlantic. These variations in climate, including the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), AD 900 to 1300, and the early centuries of the Little Ice Age (LIA), AD 1300 to 1600, had a substantial impact on the cultural history of Europe. In this pathfinding volume, William C. Foster marshals extensive evidence that the heating and cooling of the MWP and LIA also occurred in North America and significantly affected the cultural history of Native peoples of the American Southwest, Southern Plains, and Southeast. Correlating climate change data with studies of archaeological sites across the Southwest, Southern Plains, and Southeast, Foster presents the first comprehensive overview of how Native American societies responded to climate variations over seven centuries. He describes how, as in Europe, the MWP ushered in a cultural renaissance, during which population levels surged and Native peoples substantially intensified agriculture, constructed monumental architecture, and produced sophisticated works of art. Foster follows the rise of three dominant cultural centers—Chaco Canyon in New Mexico, Cahokia on the middle Mississippi River, and Casas Grandes in northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico—that reached population levels comparable to those of London and Paris. Then he shows how the LIA reversed the gains of the MWP as population levels and agricultural production sharply declined; Chaco Canyon, Cahokia, and Casas Grandes collapsed; and dozens of smaller villages also collapsed or became fortresses.

Casas Grandes culture --- Chaco culture --- Indians of Mexico --- Indigenous peoples --- Mississippian culture --- Ecology --- Cahokia Mounds State Historic Park (Ill.)

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Several hundred tribes of Native Americans were living within or hunting and trading across the present-day borders of Texas when Cabeza de Vaca and his shipwrecked companions washed up on a Gulf Coast beach in 1528. Over the next two centuries, as Spanish and French expeditions explored the state, they recorded detailed information about the locations and lifeways of Texas's Native peoples. Using recent translations of these expedition diaries and journals, along with discoveries from ongoing archaeological investigations, William C. Foster here assembles the most complete account ever published of Texas's Native peoples during the early historic period (AD 1528 to 1722). Foster describes the historic Native peoples of Texas by geographic regions. His chronological narrative records the interactions of Native groups with European explorers and with Native trading partners across a wide network that extended into Louisiana, the Great Plains, New Mexico, and northern Mexico. Foster provides extensive ethnohistorical information about Texas's Native peoples, as well as data on the various regions' animals, plants, and climate. Accompanying each regional account is an annotated list of named Indian tribes in that region and maps that show tribal territories and European expedition routes. This authoritative overview of Texas's historic Native peoples reveals that these groups were far more cosmopolitan than previously known. Functioning as the central link in the continent-wide circulation of trade goods and cultural elements such as religion, architecture, and lithic technology, Texas's historic Native peoples played a crucial role in connecting the Native peoples of North America from the Pacific Coast to the Southeast woodlands.

Indians of North America --- History --- Texas --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- First Nations (North America) --- Indians of the United States --- Indigenous peoples --- Native Americans --- North American Indians --- Culture --- Ethnology --- Teksas --- Tekhas --- Tejas --- Texas (Republic) --- Texas (Province) --- Republic of Texas --- State of Texas --- تكساس --- Tiksās --- ولاية تكساس --- Wilāyat Tiksās --- Штат Тэхас --- Shtat Tėkhas --- Тэхас --- Тексас --- Техас --- Akałii Bikéyah --- Téʼsiz Hahoodzo --- Τέξας --- Πολιτεία του Τέξας --- Politeia tou Texas --- Estado de Texas --- Teksaso --- Tet-khiet-sat-sṳ̂ --- Teeksăs --- 텍사스 주 --- T'eksasŭ-ju --- 텍사스주 --- T'eksasŭju --- 텍사스 --- T'eksasŭ --- Kekeka --- Taaksaas --- טקסס --- מדינת טקסס --- Medinat Ṭeḳsas --- Texia --- Civitas Texiae --- Teksasa --- Teksasas --- テキサス州 --- Tekisasu-shū --- Tekisasushū --- テキサス --- Tekisasu --- Texas suyu --- Teksas Eyaleti --- טעקסעס --- Ṭeḳses --- Teksasos --- 得克萨斯州 --- Dekesasi zhou --- 得克萨斯 --- Dekesasi --- TX --- Tex. --- Coahuila and Texas (Mexico) --- Texas (Provisional government, 1835)

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