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COLLECTIVITE LOCALE --- ETAT --- ASSOCIATION --- DEVELOPPEMENT LOCAL --- RURAL --- ENVIRONNEMENT --- EAU --- LEADERSHIP --- PARTICIPATION --- CANADA --- COLLECTIVITE LOCALE --- ETAT --- ASSOCIATION --- DEVELOPPEMENT LOCAL --- RURAL --- ENVIRONNEMENT --- EAU --- LEADERSHIP --- PARTICIPATION --- CANADA
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The spatial and temporal dimensions of ecological phenomena have always been inherent in the conceptual framework of ecology, but only recently have they been incorporated explicitly into ecological theory, sampling design, experimental design and models. Statistical techniques for spatial analysis of ecological data are burgeoning and many ecologists are unfamiliar with what is available and how the techniques should be used correctly. This book gives an overview of the wide range of spatial statistics available to analyse ecological data, and provides advice and guidance for graduate students and practising researchers who are either about to embark on spatial analysis in ecological studies or who have started but are unsure how to proceed. Only a basic understanding of statistics is assumed and many schematic illustrations are given to complement or replace mathematical technicalities, making the book accessible to ecologists wishing to enter this important and fast-growing field for the first time.
Ecology --- Spatial analysis (Statistics) --- Analysis, Spatial (Statistics) --- Correlation (Statistics) --- Spatial systems --- Statistical methods. --- Spatial analysis (Statistics). --- Geografie --- Landschapskunde --- Ecologie. --- Ecologie --- Analyse spatiale (Statistique) --- Statistical methods --- Méthodes statistiques
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"Ecology is about understanding how organisms interact with other organisms and the environment they inhabit (i.e. fundamental and realised niches). It is easy to imagine an individual organism of any kind as a dot with all sorts of arrows impinging upon it, an arrow can represent abiotic factors (temperature, light, etc.), as well as many arrows for all the other organisms (biotic factors, intra- and inter-specific interactions) that affect it. Ecology aims therefore to determine the magnitude and rate associated with some of the arrows, and which are the most important and why. Each organism also has its own effects on the same list of factors, even if the effects may be small, so we can also imagine arrows going out from the same dot, one to each of the same list of factors (they can be dots too). Again, a challenge is to determine the associated weights and importance for the arrows, some of which are directed toward other organisms. As soon as we consider more than a single organism, even just a few, we immediately have a complex structure of dots and arrows: an ecological network! It is an obvious step to consider ecological systems as ecological networks, and as such to assess how network theory (concepts and methods) might be applied to them. Network theory and the mathematics of graph theory that underlie network analysis provide simple concepts that can applied to systems that are complex both in structure and dynamics. It is those concepts that allow us to provide a sorted set of methods for the quantitative analysis of 10 ecological networks, along with thoughts and advice on how best to proceed. Through the years, the need to take a network analysis framework to study complex system has arisen in many fields (physics, computer science, communication science (transportation, electricity, social), and bio- and ecoinformatics), and there is a challenging diversity of approaches, methods, and measures that should be understood, or at least sorted, before applying them to our own data. The overarching goal of this book is to help ecologists in selecting the appropriate network methods to represent, analyse, and model their ecological system using network theory."
Ecology - Statistical methods --- System analysis --- Quantitative research
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Nowadays, ecologists worldwide recognize the use of spatial analysis as essential. However, because of the fast-growing range of methods available, even an expert might occasionally find it challenging to choose the most appropriate one. Providing the ecological and statistical foundations needed to make the right decision, this second edition builds and expands upon the previous one by: • Encompassing the basic methods for spatial analysis, for both complete census and sample data • Investigating updated treatments of spatial autocorrelation and spatio-temporal analysis • Introducing detailed explanations of currently developing approaches, including spatial and spatio-temporal graph theory, scan statistics, fibre process analysis, and Hierarchical Bayesian analysis • Offering practical advice for specific circumstances, such as how to analyze forest Permanent Sample Plot data and how to proceed with transect data when portions of the data series are missing. Written for graduates, researchers and professionals, this book will be a valuable source of reference for years to come.
Ecology --- Spatial analysis (Statistics) --- Statistical methods.
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Network thinking and network analysis are rapidly expanding features of ecological research. Network analysis of ecological systems include representations and modelling of the interactions in an ecosystem, in which species or factors are joined by pairwise connections. This book provides an overview of ecological network analysis including generating processes, the relationship between structure and dynamic function, and statistics and models for these networks. Starting with a general introduction to the composition of networks and their characteristics, it includes details on such topics as measures of network complexity, applications of spectral graph theory, how best to include indirect species interactions, and multilayer, multiplex and multilevel networks. Graduate students and researchers who want to develop and understand ecological networks in their research will find this volume inspiring and helpful. Detailed guidance to those already working in network ecology but looking for advice is also included.
Ecology --- Quantitative research. --- System analysis. --- Statistical methods.
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Loin d’être un simple support des rapports sociaux, l’espace en constitue une dimension transversale majeure, à travers sa structuration matérielle et symbolique et les actions et interactions qui s’y rapportent et le reconfigurent constamment. À ce titre, il concerne l’ensemble des disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales, qu’elles l’aient de longue date constitué en objet scientifique privilégié, comme la géographie, ou qu’elles s’y intéressent aujourd’hui de façon plus soutenue que par le passé, comme la sociologie. Fruit d’un colloque qui s’est tenu en 2014, cet ouvrage vise à mettre en partage la thématique de l’espace entre ces disciplines, en confrontant, à la faveur d’objets d’étude, de catégories d’espaces et de terrains d’enquête variés, leurs questionnements épistémologiques, leurs cadres théoriques et conceptuels, leurs grilles d’analyse et d’interprétation, leurs démarches méthodologiques. Il espère constituer une étape dans le renforcement de ce dialogue interdisciplinaire, qui paraît indispensable pour appréhender cette dimension dans toute sa complexité.
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary --- Sociology --- espace --- espace public --- géographie sociale
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