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Photography --- Photography, Artistic --- History --- Isaacs, Charles --- Photograph collections --- National Museum of American Art (U.S.)

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Pictures that are made, not taken, are the focus of this exciting collection of works by 90 American artists who are using appropriation, computer technology, performance, and numerous other sources of inspiration to stretch the limits and expand the possibilities of photographic art. 

"Perhaps in the future," Man Ray suggested to Duchamp, "photography would replace all art." The Photography of Invention hints at that future by documenting a decade of startling new work in American photography: work that challenges the accepted hierarchy of the arts and, arguably, establishes photography as the equal of the other arts. Pictures that are made, not taken, are the focus of this exciting collection of works by 90 American artists who are using appropriation, computer technology, performance, and numerous other sources of inspiration to stretch the limits and expand the possibilities of photographic art. The selection of nontraditional pictures includes works by some of the decade's most interesting experimenters—Cindy Sherman, Sherrie Levine, Richard Prince, Barbara Kruger, William Christenberry, Louise Lawler, Stefan Roloff, and others who create or manipulate the subject photographed. Photography has traditionally been used to capture experience and create images; these works, however, examine preexisting images or image styles that dominate our culture. As Joshua Smith points out "mass media and popular culture advertising, fashion movies, television, video, and other electronic media have made the world photographic, become the common language, and shaped a generation's visual and critical viewpoint." Rather than commenting on or representing life, photography is now an independent art form that has expanded the creative vocabulary of contemporary artists. These "made" pictures encompass a variety of styles and techniques: the artists may fabricate or arrange the subject matter for the camera; invent or subvert traditional styles; present themselves in fictive roles invoking allegory or myth, fantasy and illusion; reassemble existing art objects in new contexts; make the psychic appear real and the real hyperreal. Many pictures are made in the usual optical/chemical manner, creating a tension between the obviously manipulated subject and the inherent "truth" of the photographic print; while others are made by the unconventional use of equipment, processes, and materials that intentionally deny the perfect print There are photograms, photocollages, light drawings, chemical images, marked or painted on negatives, photosilkscreens and photolithographs, and new high tech computer-generated imagery.

Photography, Artistic --- Stillman Steel --- Syrop Mitchell --- Thorne-Thomsen Ruth --- Tracey Andrée --- twintigste eeuw --- Verenigde staten --- Wasow Oliver --- Watts Todd --- Weiss Jeff --- Winokur Neil --- Witkin Joel-Peter --- Wodiczko Krzysztof --- Wood Brian --- 77.038 --- Adams Dennis --- Akin Gwen --- Augeri Lynne --- Barney Tina --- Bell Dianne --- Berman Zeke --- Bernard Cindy --- Brooks Ellen --- Bryant Elizabeth --- Bunn David --- Burson Nancy --- Callis Jo Ann --- Carey Ellen --- Carlson Lance --- Casebere James --- Charlesworth Bruce --- Charlesworth Sarah --- Chong Albert --- Christenberry William --- Clegg & Guttmann --- Coleman Judy --- Coplans John --- Cowin eileen --- Cypis Dorit --- De Sana James --- Divola John --- Dunning Jeanne --- Essay by Joshua P.Smith ; Intr. by Merry A. Foresta --- Ess Barbara --- Evergon --- Farrell John W --- fotografie --- Frailey Stephen --- Fuss Adam --- Galgiani Philip --- Gerlovina Rimma --- Goldring Nancy --- Gonzalez Maria --- Haber Sandra --- Hayden Jacqueline --- Hellebrand Nancy --- Jaar Alfredo --- Johnson Larry --- Kasten Barbara --- Kolbowski Sylvia --- Kruger Barbara --- Laster Paul --- Lawler Louise --- Leatherdale Marcus --- Legrady George --- Lemieux Annette --- Levine Sherrie --- Levinthal David --- Ludwig Allan --- Majore Frank --- Maul Tim --- McCollum Allan --- Nagatani Patrick --- Neidich Warren --- Novak Lorrie --- Perlman Hirsch --- Perna Luciano --- Potter Tina --- Prince Richard --- Rankaitis Susan --- Robbins David --- Rodan Ron --- Rodriguez Geno --- Roloff Stefan --- Rowland Anne --- Rubenstein Meridel --- Salinger Adrienne --- Sandrow Hope --- Schlesinger John --- Schrager Victor --- Schwartz Elliot --- Serrano Andres --- Sherman Cindy --- Simmons Laurie --- Skoglund Sandy --- Stark Sandra --- Starn Doug --- Starn Mike --- Exhibitions --- Photography --- photographers --- Smithsonian Institution [Washington, D.C.] --- anno 1980-1989 --- United States --- artistieke fotografie --- United States of America

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Pete Daniel, Merry A.Forresta, Marren Stange, Sally Stein --- fotografie --- twintigste eeuw --- Verenigde Staten --- New Deal --- Shahn Ben --- Evans Walker --- Lange Dorothea --- Rothstein Arthur --- Delano Jack --- Lee Russell --- Rosskam edwin --- Vachon John --- Farm Security Administration --- Wolcott Marion Post --- Ackerman George W. --- Welch O.S. --- Harmon L.C. --- Sakaer Peter --- Mitchell J.T. --- Killian Peter --- Forsyth William --- Mead Wilfred J. --- Partidge Rondal --- Wright Barbara H. --- Nichols dan --- Corsini Harold --- Robbins David --- Yavno Max --- Horn Sol --- Eagle Arnold --- Abbott Berenice --- Laughlin Clarence John --- Randall Florence --- White Minor --- Alland Alexander --- Browne Byron --- Lances Leo --- Davis Wyatt --- Kesell Dmitri --- Robbins LeRoy --- Weston Edward --- Mypass Cyril --- Nadir Mark --- Herman Andrew --- Libsohn Sol --- Levitt Helen --- 77.037 --- Documentary photography --- New Deal, 1933-1939 --- Ackerman George W --- Harmon L.C --- Mead Wilfred J --- Mitchell J.T --- Welch O.S --- Wright Barbara H --- Pictorial works --- United States --- U.S.A. --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- USA --- US --- Arhab --- Ar. ha-B. --- Artsot ha-Berit --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- ABSh --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- ABŞ --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Forente stater --- Spojené staty americké --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Yhdysvallat --- Egyesült Államok --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Estados Unidos de América --- United States of America --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- SShA --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- VSA --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Estados Unidos --- EE.UU. --- Stany Zjednoczone --- ĒPA --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- ZSA --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mei guo --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- U.S. --- America (Republic) --- Amirika Carékat --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- VS --- ولايات المتحدة --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- Istadus Unidus --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Bí-kok --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- AQSh --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- Yunaeted Stet --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- САЩ --- SASht --- Съединените щати --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Америка (Republic) --- Amerika (Republic) --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Stati Uniti --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ē.P.A. --- Usono --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- FS --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Stâts Unîts --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- S.U.A. --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- Mî-koet --- 미국 --- Miguk --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Economic conditions --- Pictorial works. --- Social conditions --- Photography [Documentary ] --- 1933-1945 --- 1918-1945 --- Depressions --- 1929 --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- États-Unis --- É.-U. --- ÉU