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What do governments do when much of their population simply gets up and walks away? In Mexico and other migrant-sending countries, mass emigration prompts governments to negotiate a new social contract with their citizens abroad. After decades of failed efforts to control outflow, the Mexican state now emphasizes voluntary ties, dual nationality, and rights over obligations. In this groundbreaking book, David Fitzgerald examines a region of Mexico whose citizens have been migrating to the United States for more than a century. He finds that emigrant citizenship does not signal the decline of the nation-state but does lead to a new form of citizenship, and that bureaucratic efforts to manage emigration and its effects are based on the membership model of the Catholic Church.

Mexicans --- Return migration --- Migration, Return --- Emigration and immigration --- Repatriation --- Mexico --- Anáhuac --- Estados Unidos Mexicanos --- Maxico --- Méjico --- Mekishiko --- Meḳsiḳe --- Meksiko --- Meksyk --- Messico --- Mexique (Country) --- República Mexicana --- Stany Zjednoczone Meksyku --- United Mexican States --- United States of Mexico --- מקסיקו --- メキシコ --- Religious aspects --- Catholic Church. --- Government policy. --- #SBIB:314H252 --- #SBIB:39A6 --- #SBIB:39A74 --- Internationale migratie --- Etniciteit / Migratiebeleid en -problemen --- Etnografie: Amerika --- Sociology of the developing countries --- Sociology of environment --- Migration. Refugees --- Ethnology --- US Mexico. --- illegal immigrants. --- immigration studies. --- mexican american immigrants. --- migration. --- sociology.

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"In Refuge beyond Reach, David Scott FitzGerald traces the origin and development of the practices deployed by governments to deter asylum seekers from the 1970s to the present. FitzGerald draws on official government documents, information obtained via WikiLeaks and FOIA requests from the CIA, and interviews with asylum seekers to systematically analyze the policies associated with the remote control of asylum seekers. He shows how the US, Canada, Europe, and Australia comply with the letter of law while violating the spirit of those laws through a range of remote control practices: the dome, the moat, the buffer, the cage, and the barbican. Remote control flourishes in secrecy behind the closed doors of consulates and airport terminals and in the anonymity of the seas and remote border regions. These policies may violate law, but Fitzgerald identifies some pressure points. Bilateral relationships, an autonomous judiciary enforcing rights, and oversight by transnational civil society watchdogs can temper the worst abuses"--

Migration. Refugees --- Human rights --- Asylum, Right of --- International law and human rights. --- Refugees --- Government policy --- Australia --- Canada --- Europe --- United States --- Emigration and immigration --- Government policy. --- Refugees - Government policy - United States --- Refugees - Government policy - Canada --- Refugees - Government policy - Europe --- Refugees - Government policy - Australia --- Asylum, Right of - United States --- Asylum, Right of - Canada --- Asylum, Right of - Europe --- Asylum, Right of - Australia --- International law and human rights --- United States - Emigration and immigration - Government policy --- Canada - Emigration and immigration - Government policy --- Europe - Emigration and immigration - Government policy --- Australia - Emigration and immigration - Government policy

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Migration. Refugees --- Human rights

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United States of America

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Culling the Masses questions the widely held view that in the long run democracy and racism cannot coexist. David Scott FitzGerald and David Cook-Martín show that democracies were the first countries in the Americas to select immigrants by race, and undemocratic states the first to outlaw discrimination. Through analysis of legal records from twenty-two countries between 1790 and 2010, the authors present a history of the rise and fall of racial selection in the Western Hemisphere. The United States led the way in using legal means to exclude "inferior" ethnic groups. Starting in 1790, Congress began passing nationality and immigration laws that prevented Africans and Asians from becoming citizens, on the grounds that they were inherently incapable of self-government. Similar policies were soon adopted by the self-governing colonies and dominions of the British Empire, eventually spreading across Latin America as well. Undemocratic regimes in Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Cuba reversed their discriminatory laws in the 1930s and 1940s, decades ahead of the United States and Canada. The conventional claim that racism and democracy are antithetical--because democracy depends on ideals of equality and fairness, which are incompatible with the notion of racial inferiority--cannot explain why liberal democracies were leaders in promoting racist policies and laggards in eliminating them. Ultimately, the authors argue, the changed racial geopolitics of World War II and the Cold War was necessary to convince North American countries to reform their immigration and citizenship laws.

America -- Ethnic relations -- Political aspects -- History. --- America -- Race relations -- Political aspects -- History. --- Immigrants -- Government policy -- America -- History. --- Racism -- Political aspects -- America -- History. --- Immigrants --- Racism --- Citizenship --- Emigration and immigration law --- Democracy --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Immigration & Emigration --- History --- Government policy --- Political aspects --- History. --- America --- Race relations --- Ethnic relations --- Bias, Racial --- Race bias --- Race prejudice --- Racial bias --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Americas --- New World --- Citizenship. --- Democracy. --- Demokrati --- Emigration and immigration law. --- Emigration and immigration --- Etniska relationer --- Immigration --- Politics and government. --- Rasism --- Historia. --- Government policy. --- Political aspects. --- Politiska aspekter --- America. --- Amerika. --- Zuid-Amerika. --- Prejudices --- Anti-racism --- Persons --- Aliens --- Western Hemisphere --- Critical race theory