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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Oceanography (seas) --- Resilience --- Adaptation --- Blue Carbon --- Ecosystems --- Ocean Optimism

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Oceanography (seas) --- Resilience --- Adaptation --- Blue Carbon --- Ecosystems --- Ocean Optimism --- Resilience --- Adaptation --- Blue Carbon --- Ecosystems --- Ocean Optimism

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This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SREX) explores the challenge of understanding and managing the risks of climate extremes to advance climate change adaptation. Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters. Changes in the frequency and severity of the physical events affect disaster risk, but so do the spatially diverse and temporally dynamic patterns of exposure and vulnerability. Some types of extreme weather and climate events have increased in frequency or magnitude, but populations and assets at risk have also increased, with consequences for disaster risk. Opportunities for managing risks of weather- and climate-related disasters exist or can be developed at any scale, local to international. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, SREX is an invaluable assessment for anyone interested in climate extremes, environmental disasters and adaptation to climate change, including policymakers, the private sector and academic researchers.

Climate change mitigation --- Climatic changes --- Risk management --- Climatic changes. --- Emergency management. --- Natural disasters -- Planning. --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Environmental Sciences --- Atmospheric Science --- Natural disasters --- Planning. --- Climate change mitigation. --- Risk management. --- Climate change risk management --- Climate mitigation --- Climatic mitigation --- Mitigation of climate change --- Mitigation --- Environmental protection --- Natural calamities --- Disasters --- Consequence management (Emergency management) --- Disaster planning --- Disaster preparedness --- Disaster prevention --- Disaster relief --- Emergencies --- Emergency planning --- Emergency preparedness --- Management --- Public safety --- First responders --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Planning --- Preparedness --- Prevention --- Environmental aspects --- Emergency management --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Climatic changes - Risk management --- Climate --- Climate change adaptation --- Climate resilience --- Disaster --- Disaster risk reduction --- General circulation model --- Global warming --- Governance --- Hazard --- Intergovernmental panel on climate change

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The selection of climate policies should be an exercise in risk management reflecting the many relevant sources of uncertainty. Studies of climate change and its impacts rarely yield consensus on the distribution of exposure, vulnerability, or possible outcomes. Hence policy analysis cannot effectively evaluate alternatives using standard approaches such as expected utility theory and benefit-cost analysis. This Perspective highlights the value of robust decision-making tools designed for situations, such as evaluating climate policies, where generally agreed-upon probability distributions are not available and stakeholders differ in their degree of risk tolerance. This broader risk management approach enables one to examine a range of possible outcomes and the uncertainty surrounding their likelihoods.

Zonder onderwerpscode: economie