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This paper examines key considerations around central bank digital currency (CBDC) for use by the general public, based on a comprehensive review of recent research, central bank experiments, and ongoing discussions among stakeholders. It looks at the reasons why central banks are exploring retail CBDC issuance, policy and design considerations; legal, governance and regulatory perspectives; plus cybersecurity and other risk considerations. This paper makes a contribution to the CBDC literature by suggesting a structured framework to organize discussions on whether or not to issue CBDC, with an operational focus and a project management perspective.

Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Public Finance --- Money Supply --- Credit --- Money Multipliers --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Distributed ledgers --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Finance --- Public finance & taxation --- Central Bank digital currencies --- Currencies --- Payment systems --- Digital currencies --- Technology --- Money --- Financial markets --- Legal support in revenue administration --- Revenue administration --- Financial services industry --- Technological innovations --- Banks and banking --- Clearinghouses --- Revenue --- United States

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This paper discusses the impact of the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the financial sector. It highlights the benefits these technologies bring in terms of financial deepening and efficiency, while raising concerns about its potential in widening the digital divide between advanced and developing economies. The paper advances the discussion on the impact of this technology by distilling and categorizing the unique risks that it could pose to the integrity and stability of the financial system, policy challenges, and potential regulatory approaches. The evolving nature of this technology and its application in finance means that the full extent of its strengths and weaknesses is yet to be fully understood. Given the risk of unexpected pitfalls, countries will need to strengthen prudential oversight.

Artificial intelligence --- Banks --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Computer security --- Cyber risk --- Depository Institutions --- Diffusion Processes --- Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: General --- Economic sectors --- Finance --- Finance: General --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financial Instruments --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Financial sector stability --- Financial sector --- Financial services industry --- Financial services --- Financing Policy --- General Aggregative Models: Forecasting and Simulation --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Goodwill --- Industries: Financial Services --- Industries: Information Technololgy --- Information technology industries --- Information technology --- Innovation --- Institutional Investors --- Intellectual Property Rights: General --- Intelligence (AI) & Semantics --- Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis --- Machine learning --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Model Construction and Estimation --- Mortgages --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Online Safety & Privacy --- Pension Funds --- Research and Development --- Security measures --- Technological Change --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Technological innovations --- Technology --- Value of Firms --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China