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Optics. Quantum optics --- 535 --- Optics --- -535 --- Physics --- Light --- Experiments --- 535 Optics --- -Experiments
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Temples in ancient Egypt were confines of restricted sacred space. Onlypriests had access to the inner workings of the temples and their mysteries. Duringthe great festivals, the gods that dwelled in these sanctuaries went on procession foreveryone to see, travelling to other temples in barques of gold and wood. Thesebarques were typical of furniture that was both religious and processional. Study ofthe lexicography, iconography, and function of ancient Egyptian ritual processionalfurniture could shed light upon the metanarrative of ancient religious practice. Thisresearch identifies the unique characteristics and lexicography of ritual processionalfurniture as manifest in ancient Egypt between the Old and New Kingdoms. A multidisciplinary approach is taken in regards to the data, utilizing bothlexicographic and iconographic sources, to which a seven criteria conceptualframework is applied in order to select the appropriate data. The methodology used inthis study is inductive and qualitative, and the conclusions are derived from primarysources. Objects that are discovered to be ritual but not processional are eliminatedfrom further analysis. The analyzed data is synthesized and assimilated to expand thecurrent paradigm of ritual processional objects into a new understanding. In this thesis three primary classes of ritual processional furniture areidentified and examined in detail: chests, barques, and palanquin thrones. Thisproject analyzed over sixty lexemes and three hundred fifty instances of iconography.The lexemes for twelve chests, six sacred barques, and six palanquins were found tohave been used as ritual processional furniture. The iconographic study examined thepictorial instances by typology and locale. For sacred barques, the results attemptedto resolve the ongoing problems concerning identification and inconsistenciesbetween icon and text. The results for palanquin thrones showed that the iconographyfrom sacred barques was appropriated and compressed elevating the king to a focus ofreligious adoration. This extensive study of Egyptian ritual processional furniture contributes tothe ongoing dialogue regarding the material and cultural context of religiousexpression by synthesizing the paradigm of temple sacred space upon smallerphysical objects. The contribution to knowledge has been to flesh out the identities ofspecific instances of ritual processional furnishing and to assimilate the architecturalunderstanding of sacred space with the available data so as to arrive at a newunderstanding of the existing paradigm. The significance of these contributions isthat they further develop our understanding of the religious cultural context of ancientEgypt.
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