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Xylella fastidiosa Wells 1987 is a bacterium that attacks the xylem of plants, transmitted by xylem-feeding insects. In Italy, a major outbreak occured in the Salento province (Apulia), causing death of millions of olive trees. Lactoperoxidase is a bovine milk enzyme with the ability to yield ions with antimicrobial activity. The first part of this project, in Belgium, focused on assessing the in vitro efficacy of diverse solutions of lactoperoxidase activated water on three subspecies of X. fasidiosa, namely fastidiosa, multiplex and pauca Salento-1. Several promising essential oils also were tested. The three subspecies were inhibited in presence of the active milk's ions, as well as with three of the tested essential oils. The second part of this work took place in Apulia, the infected area in Italia. Application methods have been developed to inject these substances in xylem vessels, phytotoxicity of these compounds on olive trees has been assessed in different ways, and molecular diagnosis methods for evaluation of the experimental fields infection stage have been conducted. Results show a severe phytotoxicity but also difficulties to inject these substances directly in the xylem vessels.

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Aujourd’hui, le consommateur s’interroge de plus en plus sur les impacts provoqués par sa
consommation alimentaire. Il cherche donc à consommer différemment, en privilégiant davantage des produits de qualité différenciée, éthiques, locaux, plus respectueux de l’environnement. Dans ce paradigme, les produits de terroir présentent une perspective intéressante en termes d'offre répondant à ces différentes exigences. Dans un contexte économique globalisé, l’enjeu crucial derrière ces filières reste le transfert de l’information. Dans ce cadre, la recherche de méthodes de communication innovantes envers le consommateur présente des opportunités de développement intéressantes. Pour ce faire, il est important de cerner convenablement les attributs non-marchands associés aux produits de terroir. De cette façon, ce travail propose une contribution à l’identification des critères non-marchands appliquée au Coq des Prés ® - un poulet de chair équitable labellisé biologique - au moyen de l'application de l’Analytical Hierarchy Process. De plus, sur base d’un protocole original conçu par l’auteur, cette recherche teste et quantifie les effets d’un atelier de valorisation de ce type de produit auprès d’un panel de consommateurs. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que les principaux attributs associés au Coq des Prés ® sont la “perception des propriétés organoleptiques”, la “proximité relationnelle avec le producteur”, l’“authenticité”, le “bien-être animal”, la “production raisonnée”, l’aspect “santé” du produit et enfin, l’aspect “terroir”. En outre, l’évaluation de l’implémentation des ateliers de valorisation démontre que ceux-ci provoquent une modification significative de la perception du “terroir” et de la “production raisonnée”. Concernant la “perception globale des propriétés organoleptiques”, aucune différence significative n’est observée. Néanmoins, l’analyse intrinsèque de cette catégorie suggère que la “perception des saveurs globales” et la “perception de l’odeur globale” du produit présentent une évolution positive après atelier. Ce type de communication présente donc des opportunités intéressantes pour le développement des produits de terroir. Today's consumers are increasingly concerned about the impact of their food consumption. They are therefore seeking to consume differently, giving greater preference to products of differentiated quality, ethical, local and more environmentally friendly. In this paradigm, local products present an interesting perspective in terms of an offer that meets these different requirements. In a globalised economic context, the crucial issue behind these channels remains the transfer of information. In this context, the search for innovative communication methods towards the consumer presents interesting development opportunities. To do this, it is important to properly identify the non-market attributes associated with terroir products. In this way, this work proposes a contribution to the identification of non-market criteria applied to the Coq des Prés ® - a fair organically labelled broiler chicken - through the application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process. In addition, based on an original protocol designed by the author, this research tests and quantifies the effects of a workshop to promote this type of product to a panel of consumers. The results obtained suggest that the main attributes associated with Coq des Prés ® are the "perception of organoleptic properties", the "relational proximity with the producer", the "authenticity", the "animal welfare", the "reasoned production", the "health" aspect of the product and finally the "terroir" aspect. Furthermore, the evaluation of the implementation of the value-adding workshops shows that they cause a significant change in the perception of "terroir" and "reasoned production". Regarding the "overall perception of organoleptic properties", no significant difference is observed. Nevertheless, the intrinsic analysis of this category suggests that the "overall taste perception” and “overall smell perception” of the product show a positive evolution after the workshop. This type of communication therefore presents interesting opportunities for the development of terroir products.

Terroir --- workshops --- Communication --- Valuation --- Assessment --- Terroir --- Ateliers --- Communication --- Valorisation --- Evaluation --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie