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In bioethics, discussions of justice have tended to focus on questions of fairness in access to health care: is there a right to medical treatment, and how should priorities be set when medical resources are scarce. But health care is only one of many factors that determine the extent to which people live healthy lives, and fairness is not the only consideration in determining whether a health policy is just. In this pathbreaking book, senior bioethicists Powers and Faden confront foundational issues about health and justice. How much inequality in health can a just society tolerate? In a world filled with inequalities in health and well-being, which inequalities matter most and are the most morally urgent to address? In order to answer these questions, Powers and Faden develop a unique theory of social justice that, while developed for the specific contexts of public health and health policy, applies equally well to other realms of social policy including education and economic development. The book includes a careful comparison of Powers' and Fadens' approach to social justice with those of other theorists, including notably Rawls, Sen and Nussbaum. With their eyes firmly fixed on the injustices of this world and what is known about their causal determinants, Powers and Faden place a six dimensional theory of well-being at the heart of their theory of justice. They then explore the implications of this theory for public health, the medical market place, and the setting of priorities in health policy. In the process, they arrive at arresting conclusion about the moral foundations of public health, childhood, the relevance of social groups to questions of justice, and the proper role for economic analysis in social policy. The audience for the book is scholars and students of bioethics and moral and political philosophy, as well as anyone interested in public health and health policy.

Health Policy. --- Patient Rights. --- Social Justice. --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Professional ethics. Deontology --- Discrimination in medical care. --- Equality --- Medical policy --- Public Health --- Public health --- Social justice. --- Health aspects. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- ethics. --- Santé publique --- Politique sanitaire --- Justice sociale --- Egalité (Sociologie) --- Discrimination dans les soins médicaux --- Aspect moral --- Aspect sanitaire

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Madison Powers and Ruth Faden here develop an innovative theory of structural injustice that links human rights norms and fairness norms. Norms of both kinds are grounded in an account of well-being. Their well-being account provides the foundation for human rights, explains the depth of unfairness of systematic patterns of disadvantage, and locates the unfairness of power relations in forms of control some groups have over the well-being of other groups. They explain how human rights violations and structurally unfair patterns of power and advantage are so often interconnected. Unlike theories of structural injustice tailored for largely benign social processes, Powers and Faden's theory addresses typical patterns of structural injustice-those in which the wrongful conduct of identifiable agents creates or sustains mutually reinforcing forms of injustice. These patterns exist both within nation-states and across national boundaries. However, this theory rejects the claim that for a structural theory to be broadly applicable both within and across national boundaries its central claims must be universally endorsable. Instead, Powers and Faden find support for their theory in examples of structural injustice around the world, and in the insights and perspectives of related social movements. Their theory also differs from approaches that make enhanced democratic decision-making or the global extension of republican institutions the centerpiece of proposed remedies. Instead, the theory focuses on justifiable forms of resistance in circumstances in which institutions are unwilling or unable to address pressing problems of injustice. The insights developed in Structural Injustice will interest not only scholars and students in a range of disciplines from political philosophy to feminist theory and environmental justice, but also activists and journalists engaged with issues of social justice.

Social justice --- Power (Social sciences) --- Human Rights

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Recherche --- --Sociologie --- --Éthique --- --Sciences sociales --- --Social sciences --- Research --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Social sciences --- -Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- -Moral and ethical aspects --- -Research --- Behavioral sciences --- Research&delete& --- Sociologie --- Éthique --- Sciences sociales --- Social sciences - Research - Moral and ethical aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects.

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A timely, authoritative discussion of an important clinical topic, this useful book outlines the history, function, nature and requirements of informed consent, focusing on patient autonomy as central to the concept. Primarily a philosophical analysis, the book also covers legal aspects, with chapters on disclosure, comprehension, and competence.

Informed consent (Medical law) --- Consent (Law) --- Declaration of intention --- Justification (Law) --- Consent, Informed --- Consent to treatment --- Disclosure, Medical --- Medical disclosure --- Treatment, Consent to --- Medical ethics --- Medical personnel --- Patient education --- Involuntary treatment --- Patient refusal of treatment --- History. --- Malpractice --- Informed consent (Medical law) - United States - History

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All investigators funded by the National Institutes of Health are now required to receive training about the ethics of clinical research. Based on a course taught by the editors at NIH, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Research is the first book designed to help investigators meet this new requirement. The book begins with the history of human subjects research and guidelines instituted since World War II. It then covers various stages and components of the clinical trial process: designing the trial, recruiting participants, ensuring informed consent, studying special populations, and conducting international research. Concluding chapters address conflicts of interest, scientific misconduct, and challenges to the IRB system. The appendix provides sample informed consent forms. This book will be used in undergraduate courses on research ethics and in schools of medicine and public health by students who are or will be carrying out clinical research. Professionals in need of such training and bioethicists also will be interested.

Human experimentation in medicine --- Clinical trials --- Medical ethics --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Medical ethics. --- Ethics, Research. --- Research Subjects. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Ethics, Medical --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Medicine --- Bioethics --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Controlled clinical trials --- Patient trials of new treatments --- Randomized clinical trials --- Trials, Clinical --- Clinical medicine --- Research --- Human experimentation in medicine - Moral and ethical aspects --- Clinical trials - Moral and ethical aspects