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War is about individuals maiming and killing each other, and yet, it seems that it is also irreducibly collective, as it is fought by groups of people and more often than not for the sake of communal values such as territorial integrity and national self-determination. Cecile Fabre articulates and defends an ethical account of war in which the individual, as a moral and rational agent, is the fundamental focus for concern and respect--both as a combatant whose acts of killing need justifying and as a non-combatant whose suffering also needs justifying. She takes as her starting point a political morality to which the individual, rather than the nation-state, is central, namely cosmopolitanism. According to cosmopolitanism, individuals all matter equally, irrespective of their membership in this or that political community. Traditional war ethics already accepts this principle, since it holds that unarmed civilians are illegitimate targets even though they belong to the enemy community. However, although the traditional account of whom we may kill in wars is broadly faithful to that principle, the traditional account of why we may kill and of who may kill is not. Cosmopolitan theorists, for their part, do not address the ethical issues raised by war in any depth. Fabre's Cosmopolitan War seeks to fill this gap, and defends its account of just and unjust wars by addressing the ethics of different kinds of war: wars of national defence, wars over scarce resources, civil wars, humanitarian intervention, wars involving private military forces, and asymmetrical wars.

War --- Cosmopolitanism --- War (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Political science --- Internationalism --- Cosmopolitanism.

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In the prevailing liberal ethos, if there is one thing that is beyond the reach of others, it is our body in particular, and our person in general: our legal and political tradition is such that we have the right to deny others access to our person and body, even though doing so would harm those who need personal services from us, or body parts. However, we lack the right to use ourselves as we wish in order to raise income, even though we do not necessarily harm others by doingso---even though we might in fact benefit them by doing so. C--eacute--;cile Fabre's aim in this book is to show that, according to the principles of distributive justice which inform most liberal democracies, both in practice and in theory, it should be exactly the other way around: that is, if it is true that we lack the right to withhold access to material resources from those who need them, we also lack the right to withhold access to our body from those who need it; but we do, under some circumstances, have the right to decide how to use it in orderto raise income. More specifically, she argues in favour of the confiscation of body parts and personal services, as well as of the commercialization of organs, sex, and reproductive capacities.

Status of persons --- Human rights --- Professional ethics. Deontology --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- Surrogate mothers --- Gestational mothers --- Host mothers --- Uterine mothers --- Good Samaritan laws --- Assistance in emergencies. --- Personality (Law). --- Assistance in emergencies --- Human body --- Personality (Law) --- Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc --- Medical laws and legislation --- Mothers --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Body, Human --- Law and legislation. --- Legal status, laws, etc.

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Those in favour of social rights do not usually reflect on the implications of their arguments for democracy and vice versa. This book illustrates the conflict between the demands of democracy and those of social rights.

Democracy. --- Social justice. --- Equality --- Justice --- Self-government --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- Republics

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International law and conventional morality grant that states may stand ready to defend their borders with lethal force. But what grounds the permission to kill for the sake of political sovereignty and territorial integrity? In this book leading theorists address this vexed issue, and set the terms of future debate over national defence.

Social ethics --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Polemology --- War (Philosophy) --- War --- War and morals --- Philosophy --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- PhilosophyMoral and ethical aspects. --- Moral and ethical aspects