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Human rights --- International law --- Foreign trade. International trade --- wapenhandel --- Arms transfers --- Arms control --- Export controls --- Armes --- Armements --- Exportations --- Droits de l'homme (Droit international) --- Law and legislation --- Vente --- Droit --- Contrôle
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Tracing the history of refugee settlement in Fargo, North Dakota, from the 1980s to the present day, this book focuses on the role that gender, religion, and sociality play in everyday interactions between refugees from South Sudan and Bosnia-Herzegovina and the dominant white Euro-American population of the city. The book outlines the ways in which refugees have impacted this small city over the last thirty years, showing how culture, political economy, and institutional transformations collectively contribute to the racialization of white cities like Fargo in ways that complicate their demographics. The book shows that race, religion, and decorum prove to be powerful forces determining worthiness and belonging in the city and draws attention to the different roles that state and private sectors played in shaping ideas about race and citizenship on a local level.
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The United Nations groundbreaking Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), which went into effect in 2014, sets legally binding standards to regulate global arms exports and reflects the growing concerns toward the significant role that small and major conventional arms play in perpetuating human rights violations, conflict, and societal instability worldwide. Many countries that once staunchly opposed shared export controls and their perceived threat to political and economic autonomy are now beginning to embrace numerous agreements, such as the ATT and the EU Code of Conduct. Jennifer L. Erickson explores the reasons top arms-exporting democracies have put aside past sovereignty, security, and economic worries in favor of humanitarian arms transfer controls, and she follows the early effects of this about-face on export practice. She begins with a brief history of failed arms export control initiatives and then tracks arms transfer trends over time. Pinpointing the normative shifts in the 1990's that put humanitarian arms control on the table, she reveals that these states committed to these policies out of concern for their international reputations. She also highlights how arms trade scandals threaten domestic reputations and thus help improve compliance. Using statistical data and interviews conducted in France, Germany, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and the United States, Erickson challenges existing IR theories of state behavior while providing insight into the role of reputation as a social mechanism and the importance of government transparency and accountability in generating compliance with new norms and rules.
Arms transfers --- Arms control. --- Export controls. --- Human rights. --- Law and legislation.
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Politics --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Economics --- United States --- Cadre de vie --- Conditions de l'existence --- Conditions de vie --- Kwaliteit van het leven --- Levenskwaliteit --- Life [Quality of ] --- Quality of life --- Qualité de la vie --- Qualité de vie --- Vie [Qualité de la ] --- Cost-Benefit Analysis --- Health Expenditures --- Health Policy --- Health Resources --- Health Status --- Quality of Life --- Medical policy --- Medical care --- Quality of life. --- Medical care, Cost of --- Politique sanitaire --- Soins médicaux --- methods. --- economics --- Evaluation. --- Coût --- Qualité de la vie --- Soins médicaux --- Coût --- Valuation --- Medical care [Cost of ] --- United States of America --- ECONOMIE DE LA SANTE --- ETATS-UNIS
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