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"Erik J. Engstrom offers a historical perspective on the effects of gerrymandering on elections and party control of the U.S. national legislature. Aside from the requirements that districts be continuous and, after 1842, that each select only one representative, there were few restrictions on congressional districting. Unrestrained, state legislators drew and redrew districts to suit their own partisan agendas. With the rise of the "one-person, one-vote" doctrine and the implementation of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, however, redistricting became subject to court oversight. Engstrom evaluates the abundant cross-sectional and temporal variation in redistricting plans and their electoral results from all the states, from 1789 through the 1960s, to identify the causes and consequences of partisan redistricting. His analysis reveals that districting practices across states and over time systematically affected the competitiveness of congressional elections; shaped the partisan composition of congressional delegations; and, on occasion, determined party control of the House of Representatives"--

Apportionment (Election law) --- Election districts --- Gerrymandering --- Political Institutions & Public Administration - U.S., Legislative Branch --- Gerrymander --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Ideologies / Democracy. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Government / Legislative Branch. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Process / Elections. --- Representative government and representation --- Voting --- United States --- Politics and government. --- Government --- History, Political --- Representative government and representation. --- United States--Politics and government. --- Parliamentary government --- Political representation --- Representation --- Self-government --- Constitutional history --- Constitutional law --- Political science --- Democracy --- Elections --- Republics --- Suffrage

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This book explores the fascinating and puzzling world of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American elections. It examines the strategic behavior of nineteenth-century party politicians and shows how their search for electoral victory led them to invent a number of remarkable campaign practices. Why were parties dedicated to massive voter mobilization? Why did presidential nominees wage front-porch campaigns? Why did officeholders across the country tie their electoral fortunes to the popularity of presidential candidates at the top of the ticket? Erik J. Engstrom and Samuel Kernell demonstrate that the defining features of nineteenth-century electoral politics were the product of institutions in the states that prescribed how votes were cast and how those votes were converted into political offices. Relying on a century's worth of original data, this book uncovers the forces propelling the nineteenth-century electoral system, its transformation at the end of the nineteenth century, and the implications of that transformation for modern American politics.

Elections --- United States --- History --- 19th century --- Political campaigns --- Voting --- Political parties --- Politics and government --- Polls --- Politics, Practical --- Social choice --- Suffrage --- Campaigns, Election --- Campaigns, Political --- Election campaigns --- Electioneering --- Electoral politics --- Negative campaigns --- Franchise --- Political science --- Plebiscite --- Representative government and representation --- Balloting

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Social policy --- Internal politics --- anno 1900-1999 --- United States of America

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US federalism grants state legislators the authority to design many aspects of election administration, including ballot features that mediate how citizens understand and engage with the choices available to them when casting their votes. Seemingly innocuous features in the physical design of ballots, such as the option to cast a straight ticket with a single checkmark, can have significant aggregate effects. Drawing on theoretical insights from behavioral economics and extensive data on state ballot laws from 1888 to the present, as well as in-depth case studies, this book shows how strategic politicians use ballot design to influence voting and elections, drawing comparisons across different periods in American history with varying levels of partisanship and contention. Engstrom and Roberts demonstrate the sweeping impact of ballot design on voting, elections, and democratic representation.

Ballot --- Votingt --- Short ballot --- Elections --- Plebiscite --- Politics, Practical --- Representative government and representation --- Suffrage --- Voting --- History --- Polls --- Social choice --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Political science --- Political campaigns --- Balloting --- United States --- Politics and government

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