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Since 2004 Egypt's growth has been accelerating in step with the launching of a series of ambitious reforms, reversing a trend during the preceding half-decade when Egypt's growth rate fell below that of most regional peers and well below that of the average developing country. This paper seeks to identify factors that held back Egypt's growth in the recent past, and explores whether recent reforms have removed the most binding constraints to allow at least a temporary growth spurt. Overall, the Egyptian reforms launched in 2004 appear to have focused well on the most critical constraints-reducing red tape and tax rates, and improving access to foreign exchange-thereby getting a strong growth response out of a limited set of reforms. However, inefficient bureaucracy remains an important obstacle to higher growth and reforms in this area should continue to have high payoffs. Ongoing reforms are also addressing constraints that are likely to become binding soon (or have become so already), such as inefficient financial intermediation and high public debt. Improvements in education may rapidly become a critical factor for sustaining higher growth.

Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Education: General --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- Trade: General --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Education --- Labour --- income economics --- International economics --- Credit --- Human capital --- Export performance --- Banks and banking --- Exports --- Egypt, Arab Republic of --- Economic development --- Egypt --- Economic conditions. --- Income economics

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The 1990s saw the unification of the two Yemens into one nation and a burgeoning of the country's oil sector. This paper examines the structural changes in the Yemeni economy brought about by these and other developments and identifies the reforms needed to move the country toward rapid and sustainable growth, effectively manage its oil wealth, and reduce the widespread poverty. The paper addresses the issue of poverty reduction by providing background and drawing lessons from Yemen's adjustment experience to date.

Economic policy and planning (general) --- Yemen --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- economie --- developpement economique --- politique economique --- yemen --- 338.9533 --- 330.05 --- economische ontwikkeling --- economisch beleid --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Economisch beleid --- Economische landenstudies: Jemen --- Yemen (Republic) --- Economisch beleid. --- Economische landenstudies: Jemen. --- Ĭemen (Republic) --- Yaman (Republic) --- Jemen (Republic) --- Ėl'-Iemen (Republic) --- Yaman al-Shamālī --- Republic of Yemen --- Yamanīyah (Republic) --- Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah --- Ǧumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah --- يَمَن (Republic) --- Jumhūriyyah al Yamaniyyah --- Yamaniyyah (Republic) --- جمهورية اليمنية --- Republiek van Jemen --- Yeme (Republic) --- República de Yeme --- Емен (Republic) --- Emen (Republic) --- Еменская Рэспубліка --- Emenskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Йемен (Republic) --- Република Йемен --- Republika Ĭemen --- Shádiʼááhjí Ásáí Bikéyah --- Jeemen (Republic) --- Jeemeni Vabariik --- Υεμένη (Republic) --- Yemenē (Republic) --- Δημοκρατία της Υεμένης --- Dēmokratia tēs Yemenēs --- República de Yemen --- República del Yemen --- Jemeno --- Yemengo Errepublika --- République du Yémen --- Poblacht Éimin --- Éimin (Republic) --- Yeaman (Republic) --- Pobblaght ny Yeaman --- Eaman (Republic) --- Poblachd Iemein --- Йеменмудин Орн --- Ĭemenmudin Orn --- 예멘 (Republic) --- イエメン (Republic) --- Yemen (Arab Republic) --- Yemen (People's Democratic Republic) --- Република Йемен --- Йемен (Republic) --- Йеменмудин Орн --- Yemen - Economic conditions --- Yemen - Economic policy --- Banks and Banking --- Investments: Energy --- Foreign Exchange --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Energy: General --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Labor Economics: General --- Banking --- Investment & securities --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Oil --- Oil prices --- Education --- Commodities --- Commercial banks --- Financial institutions --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Banks and banking --- Labor economics --- Yemen, Republic of --- Income economics

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This paper reviews and analyzes how Morocco overcame the economic and financial crisis it confronted at the beginning of the 1980s. It highlights the challenges that still confront the Moroccan economy and the lessons that can be drawn from Morocco's adjustment experience.

Economic stabilization --- Industrial policy --- Morocco --- Economic policy. --- Business --- Industries --- Industry and state --- Economic policy --- Adjustment, Economic --- Business stabilization --- Economic adjustment --- Stabilization, Economic --- Government policy --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Trade: General --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Expenditure --- Revenue administration --- Public enterprises --- Credit --- Exports --- Economic sectors --- Money --- Income and capital gains taxes --- Taxes --- Expenditures, Public --- Income tax --- Revenue --- Government business enterprises --- Nationalization