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AFRIQUE DU SUD --- CIVILISATION --- CIVILISATION --- AFRIQUE DU SUD --- CIVILISATION --- CIVILISATION

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The aftermath of Japan's 1945 military defeat left its public institutions in a state of deep crisis; virtually every major source of state legitimacy was seriously damaged or wholly remade by the postwar occupation. Between 1960 and 1990, however, these institutions renewed their strength, taking on legitimacy that erased virtually all traces of their postwar instability.How did this transformation come about? This is the question Ellis S. Krauss ponders in Broadcasting Politics in Japan; his answer focuses on the role played by the Japanese mass media and in particular by Japan's national broadcaster, NHK. Since the 1960s, television has been a fixture of the Japanese household, and NHK's TV news has until very recently been the dominant, and most trusted, source of political information for the Japanese citizen. NHK's news style is distinctive among the broadcasting systems of industrialized countries; it emphasizes facts over interpretation and gives unusual priority to coverage of the national bureaucracy. Krauss argues that this approach is not simply a reflection of Japanese culture, but a result of the organization and processes of NHK and their relationship with the state. These factors had profound consequences for the state's postwar re-legitimization, while the commercial networks' recent challenge to NHK has helped engender the wave of cynicism currently faced by the state. Krauss guides the reader through the complex interactions among politics, media organizations, and Japanese journalism to demonstrate how NHK television news became a shaper of Japan's political world, rather than simply a lens through which to view it.

Television broadcasting of news --- Government and the press --- History --- Nihon Hoso Kyokai --- J4126 --- J0969 --- J0961 --- J6840 --- -Nihon Hōsō Kyōkai --- -Government and the press --- -Press --- Press and government --- Press policy --- State and the press --- Press --- Freedom of the press --- Press and politics --- Television broadcasting --- Television coverage of news --- Television journalism --- Television news --- Broadcast journalism --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- media and (mass) communications --- Japan: Journalism -- newspapers and news agencies --- Japan: Journalism -- policy, legislation, guidelines, codes of behavior --- Japan: Media arts and entertainment -- television --- Japan --- -History --- -Government policy --- News --- History. --- -Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- media and (mass) communications --- -J4126 --- -Television broadcasting --- -News --- Government policy --- Nihon Hōsō Kyōkai --- Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai --- 日本放送協会 --- 日本放送協會 --- NHK --- N.H.K. --- Japan Broadcasting Corporation --- Broadcasting Corporation of Japan --- Japanese State Television --- Riben guang bo xie hui --- Jih-pen kuang po hsieh hui --- 日本广播协会 --- NHK Japan --- NHK of Japan --- Ōsaka Hōsōkyoku --- Tōkyō Hōsōkyoku --- Nagoya Hōsōkyoku --- Television broadcasting of news - Japan - History --- Government and the press - Japan - History - 20th century --- Journalistes --- Presse et politique --- Télévision --- Etat et presse --- Japon --- 20e siècle --- Émissions de nouvelles

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Canadian legislatures regularly assign what are truly court functions to non-court, government tribunals. These executive branch "judicial" tribunals are surrogate courts and together comprise a little-known system of administrative justice that annually makes hundreds of thousands of contentious, life-altering judicial decisions concerning the everyday rights of both individuals and businesses. This book demonstrates that, except perhaps in Quebec, the executive branch's administrative justice system is a justice system in name only. Failing to conform to rule-of-law principles or constitutional norms, its judicial tribunals are neither independent nor, in law, impartial and are only providentially competent. Unjust by Design describes a system in transcendent need of major restructuring. Written by a respected critic, it presents a modern theory of administrative justice fit for that purpose. It also provides detailed blueprints for the changes the author believes would be necessary if justice were to in fact assume its proper role in Canada's administrative justice system.

Administrative courts --- Due process of law --- Access to justice (Due process of law) --- Procedural due process --- Substantive due process --- Civil rights --- Justice, Administration of --- Administrative tribunals --- Courts, Administrative --- Tribunals, Administrative --- Administrative law --- Administrative procedure --- Courts

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Democracy --- Japan --- Politics and government

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