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Wind power plants --- Testing. --- National Wind Technology Center (U.S.)

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Interconnected electric utility systems. --- Distributed generation of electric power. --- Wind power plants.

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Interconnected electric utility systems. --- Distributed generation of electric power --- Wind power plants. --- Electric Reliability Council of Texas.

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Wind power plants --- Interconnected electric utility systems. --- Distributed resources (Electric utilities) --- Electric power system stability. --- Research.

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The growth of wind power as an electrical power generation resource has produced great benefits with reductions in emissions and the supply of zero cost fuel. It also has created challenges for the operation of power systems arising from the increased variability and uncertainty it has introduced. A number of studies have been performed over the past decade to analyze the operational impacts that can occur at high penetrations of wind. One of the most crucial impacts is the amount of incremental operating reserves required due to the variability and uncertainty of wind generation. This paper describes different assumptions and methods utilized to calculate the amount of different types of reserves carried, and how these methods have evolved as more studies have been performed.

Wind power plants --- Interconnected electric utility systems. --- Electric power-plants --- Mathematical models. --- Load --- Management.