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Over the past five years, the immense financial pressure on the development and manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals has resulted in the increasing use and acce- ance of disposables, which are discarded after harvest and therefore intended only for single use. In fact, such disposables are implemented in all the main bioprocess production stages today and an even higher growth than those in the biopharmac- tical market is predicted (reaching double figures). Alongside disposable filter capsules, membrane chromatography units, tubing, connectors, flexible containers processing or containing fluids, freezer systems, mixers and pumps, and fully c- trolled disposable bioreactors of up to 2,000 L culture volume are already available on the market. Numerous studies highlight the advantages of disposable bioreactors and reveal their potential for simple, safe and fast seed inoculum production, process devel- ment and small as well as middle volume production (e.g. bioactive substances, viruses for vaccines and gene therapies etc.). They suggest that such disposable bioreactors (typically characterized by the cultivation chamber or bag from plastic materials) may be advantageous for plant, animal and microbial cells. Running industrial activities such as CFD-modelling, development of single-use process monitoring and control technology, and standardized film formulations are attempting to resolve the limitations of the current disposable bioreactors. These achievements, along with substantial improvements in product yield, will reduce the use of stainless steel in the biomanufacturing facilities of the future.

Bioreactors --- Biotechnology --- Equipment and Supplies --- Technology --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Bioengineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Bioreactors. --- Biotechnology. --- Reactors, Biochemical --- Chemistry. --- Pharmacy. --- Carbohydrates. --- Medicinal chemistry. --- Medicine. --- Biochemistry. --- Medicine/Public Health, general. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Carbohydrate Chemistry. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Drugs --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry --- Carbs (Carbohydrates) --- Biomolecules --- Organic compounds --- Glycomics --- Medicine --- Materia medica --- Pharmacology --- Physical sciences --- Composition --- Biochemical reactors --- Biochemical engineering --- Chemical reactors --- Equipment and supplies --- Health Workforce

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see table of contents.

Organic chemistry --- General biochemistry --- Physiology of nutrition. Metabolism --- Nutritionary hygiene. Diet --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Clinical chemistry --- Human medicine --- Biotechnology --- medische chemie --- carbonzuren --- organische chemie --- farmacologie --- biochemie --- geneeskunde --- gezondheidszorg --- biotechnologie --- koolhydraten

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The completion of the Human Genome Project and the rapid progress in cell bi- ogy and biochemical engineering, are major forces driving the steady increase of approved biotech products, especially biopharmaceuticals, in the market. Today mammalian cell products (products from cells ), primarily monoclonals, cytokines, recombinant glycoproteins, and, increasingly, vaccines, dominate the biopharmaceutical industry. Moreover, a small number of products consisting of in vitro cultivated cells (cells as product ) for regenerative medicine have also been introduced in the market. Their efficient production requires comprehensive knowledge of biological as well as biochemical mammalian cell culture fundamentals (e.g., cell characteristics and metabolism, cell line establishment, culture medium optimization) and related engineering principles (e.g., bioreactor design, process scale-up and optimization). In addition, new developments focusing on cell line development, animal-free c- ture media, disposables and the implications of changing processes (multi-purpo- facilities) have to be taken into account. While a number of excellent books treating the basic methods and applications of mammalian cell culture technology have been published, only little attention has been afforded to their engineering aspects. The aim of this book is to make a contribution to closing this gap; it particularly focuses on the interactions between biological and biochemical and engineering principles in processes derived from cell cultures. It is not intended to give a c- prehensive overview of the literature. This has been done extensively elsewhere.

General embryology. Developmental biology --- Histology. Cytology --- Human biochemistry --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Biochemical engineering --- Biotechnology --- medische biochemie --- bio-engineering --- farmacologie --- biochemie --- biotechnologie --- cytologie --- histologie --- celprocessen