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Large lakes are important because of their size and ecological distinctiveness as well as their economic and cultural value. Optimal management of them requires a proper understanding of anthropogenic impacts both on the lake ecosystems as such and on the services they provide for society. The specific structural and functional properties of large lakes, e.g. morphology, hydrography, biogeochemical cycles and food-web structure, are all directly related to their size. Although large lakes are among the best-studied ecosystems in the world, the application to them of environmental regulations such as the European Water Framework Directive is a challenging task and requires that several natural and management aspects specific to these water bodies are adequately considered. These vulnerable ecosystems often suffer from accelerated eutrophication, over-fishing, toxic contamination and invasive species. Large lakes offer socio-economic benefits and can be used in many ways, and are often areas in which economic, cultural and political interests overlap. In this book the problems regarding the present status of European large lakes and the directions of change are discussed. Threats caused by direct human impact and by climate change, protection needs and restoration measures are considered.

Life Sciences. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Environmental Monitoring/Analysis. --- Environmental Management. --- Life sciences. --- Aquatic biology. --- Environmental management. --- Sciences de la vie --- Hydrobiologie --- Environnement --- Gestion --- Lake ecology -- Economic aspects -- Europe -- Congresses. --- Lake ecology -- Social aspects -- Europe -- Congresses. --- Lakes -- Economic aspects -- Europe -- Congresses. --- Lakes -- Europe -- Congresses. --- Lakes -- Social aspects -- Europe -- Congresses. --- Ecology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Lake ecology --- Lakes --- Economic aspects --- Social aspects --- Lochs --- Ecology. --- Aquatic ecology. --- Bodies of water --- Freshwater ecology --- Reservoir ecology --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Aquatic sciences --- Biology --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Population biology --- Ecology . --- Aquatic ecology . --- Environmental monitoring. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Aquatic biology --- Measurement --- Monitoring