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Arnold Sommerfeld (1868-1951) belongs with Max Planck (1858-1947), Albert Einstein (1879-1955) and Niels Bohr (1885-1962) among the founders of modern theoretical physics, a science that developed into a budding discipline during his lifetime. Sommerfeld witnessed many of the most dramatic scientific, cultural and political events of this era. His correspondence with his family offers a vivid testament to the challenges and joys of a life in science. This biography attempts to reconstruct Sommerfeld’s life and work not only from the perspective of his achievements in theoretical physics but also with the goal of portraying the career of a scientist within the social and political environment in which it evolved. It is based to a large extent on Sommerfeld’s voluminous correspondence, which sheds light both on his private and scientific life. Furthermore, it provides an authentic view on the circumstances that shaped Sommerfeld’s career in different places – Königsberg, Göttingen, Clausthal, Aachen, Munich – and in different institutional and disciplinary settings – mineralogy, mathematics, engineering, physics. Although this biography is not a study of Sommerfeld’s school, it also renders transparent what made this group of physicists so unique and gave its founder the aura of a charismatic teacher. This becomes particularly evident in the reverence with which he was received by his hosts during his travels all over the world – travels that Sommerfeld perceived as cultural missions. International politics, personal zeal and scientific interests became closely entangled at such occasions. Such an entanglement is by no means uncommon in the history of science – but it is rarely observed so persistently as in Sommerfeld’s case.

Physicists -- Germany -- Biography. --- Physics -- Germany -- History. --- Quantum theory. --- Sommerfeld, Arnold, 1868-1951. --- Physicists --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- History --- Sommerfeld, Arnold, --- Sommerfeld, Arnold Johannes Wilhelm, --- Sommerfeld, A. --- Zommerfelʹd, A. --- Physics. --- Mathematical physics. --- Gravitation. --- Quantum physics. --- Fluids. --- Quantum Physics. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Mathematical Physics. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Relativity (Physics) --- Hydraulics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Physical mathematics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Properties --- Mathematics --- Sommerfeld, Arnold. --- Germany. --- Alemania --- Ashkenaz --- BRD --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Deguo --- Deutsches Reich --- Deutschland --- Doitsu --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- FRN --- Gėrman --- German Uls --- Germania --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Germanyah --- Gjermani --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Jirmānīya --- KhBNGU --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Nimechchyna --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República de Alemania --- República Federal de Alemania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Vācijā --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Weimar Republic --- Weimarer Republik --- Germany (East) --- Germany (West) --- Europe --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- Gėrman --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Jirmānīya --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- República de Alemania --- República Federal de Alemania --- Vācijā --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika

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On the road toward a history of turbulence, this book focuses on what the actors in this research field have identified as the “turbulence problem”. Turbulent flow rose to prominence as one of the most persistent challenges in science. At different times and in different social and disciplinary settings, the nature of this problem has changed in response to changing research agendas. This book does not seek to provide a comprehensive account, but instead an exemplary exposition on the environments in which problems become the subjects of research agendas, with particular emphasis on the first half of the 20th century.

Hydraulic engineering. --- History. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- History of Science. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Physics. --- Fluids. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Mathematics. --- Math --- Science --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Turbulence. --- Flow, Turbulent --- Turbulent flow --- Fluid dynamics

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Turbulence.

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Turbulence is a research field where high expectations have met with recurrent frustration. It is a common perception among physicists, mathematicians and engineers that there is a "big mystery" behind the phenomenon of turbulence. Its history has also remained anything but well researched. Unlike topics such as quantum theory, which began to attract physics historians as long as fifty years ago, turbulence has - until now - received only little professional historical investigation. In this book, which complements his earlier SpringerBrief "The Turbulence Problem", the author sketches the history of turbulence from the vantage point of its roots (Part I), the basic concepts (Part II) and the formation of a scientific community that regarded turbulence as a research field in its own right (Part III). From this perspective turbulence research appears to undertake an odyssey through uncharted territories. The book follows this development up until a conference in Marseille in the year 1961, which marked the inauguration of turbulence in the words of its organizer as "a new science". The epilogue contains some observations about turbulence research since 1961. This book provides a rich source of information for all those interested in the history of this major field of basic and applied science.

Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Fluid mechanics --- Gases handling. Fluids handling --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- vloeistoffen