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Defoe, Daniel --- Defoe, Daniel, --- Contemporary England --- England --- Angleterre --- Civilization --- Civilisation --- Contemporary England. --- Defoe, Daniel, - 1661?-1731. --- England - Civilization - 17th century. --- England - Civilization - 18th century.
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History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1700-1799 --- Great London --- Greater London
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Europe --- Economic conditions --- 338 <09> --- EUR / Europe - Europa --- 331.100 --- Economische geschiedenis --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Economic conditions. --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Europe - Economic conditions
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This is the first major study of a neglected yet extremely significant subject: the London middle classes in the period between 1660 and 1730, a period in which they created a society and economy that can be seen with hindsight to have ushered in the modern world. Using a wealth of material from contemporary sources - including wills, business papers, inventories, marriage contracts, divorce hearings, and the writings of Daniel Defoe and Samuel Pepys - Peter Earle presents a fully rounded picture of the "middling sort of people," getting to the hearts of their lives as men and women struggling for success in the biggest, richest, and most middle-class city in contemporary Europe. He examines in fascinating and convincing detail the business life of Londoners, from apprenticeship through the problems and potential rewards of different occupational groups, going on to look at middle-class family, social, political and material life - from relationships with spouses, children, servants, and neighbors, to food and clothes and furniture, to sickness, death, and burial. Stimulating, scholarly, and constantly illuminating, this book is an important and impressive contribution to English social history.
Middle class --- Families --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Communities - Social Classes --- History. --- History --- London (England) --- Social life and customs. --- Economic conditions. --- Social life and customs --- Bourgeoisie --- Commons (Social order) --- Middle classes --- Family --- Family life --- Family relationships --- Family structure --- Relationships, Family --- Structure, Family --- Social conditions --- Social aspects --- Social classes --- Social institutions --- Birth order --- Domestic relations --- Home --- Households --- Kinship --- Marriage --- Matriarchy --- Parenthood --- Patriarchy
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This book uses the experience of three generations of the Earle family to throw light on the social and economic history of Liverpool during its rise to prominence as a great port, from 1688 to 1840. The focus is on six members of this successful family, John who came to Liverpool as apprentice to a merchant in 1688, his three sons, Ralph, Thomas and William, who all became merchants specializing in different branches of the trade of the port, and William's two sons, another Thomas and another William, who consolidated the fortunes of the family and began the process of converting their wealth into gentility. The approach is descriptive rather than theoretical, and the aim throughout has been to make the book entertaining as well as informative.Where sources permit, the book describes the businesses run by these men, often in considerable detail. Trading in slaves was an important part of the business of three of them, but they and other members of the family also engaged in a variety of other trades, such as the import-export business with Leghorn (Livorno) in Italy, fishing in Newfoundland and the Shetland Islands, the wine and fruit trades of Spain, Portugal and the Azores, the import of raw cotton for the industries of the Industrial Revolution and the Russia trade. Other family interests included privateering, art collection and the trade in art, a sugar plantation in Guyana, and the emigrant trade. While the book is mainly a work of economic history, there is also much on the merchants' wives and families and on the social history of both Liverpool and Livorno.
Merchants --- Businesspeople --- Earle family. --- Liverpool (England) --- Liverpool (Merseyside) --- City and Borough of Liverpool (England) --- Commerce --- History. --- Economic conditions --- 1700 - 1799
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